For study of brain tumor detection and segmentation the MRI Images have become very useful in recent years. Due to MRI Images we can detect the brain tumor. For detection of unusual growth of tissues and blocks of blood in the nervous system  can be  seen  in an  MRI  Images. The  first  step of  detection  of brain  tumors  is to  check  the symmetric  and asymmetric Shape of the brain which  will define the abnormality. After this step the next step is segmentation which is based on two techniques: 1) F-Transform (Fuzzy  Transform) 2)  Morphological operation.  These two techniques are used to design the image in MRI. Now by this help of design we can detect the boundaries of brain tumors and calculate the actual area of the tumor. In this the f-transform is used to give certain information like reconstruction of missing edges and extracting the silent edges. Accuracy and clarity in an MRI Image is dependent on each other.

Brain tumors represent a significant cause of disability, with a rising prevalence of intracranial tumors. Advances in surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic techniques have notably improved the survival rates of brain tumor patients. Consequently, there is a growing imperative to address residual neurological impairments and enhance the quality of life for survivors. Rehabilitation therapy post-brain tumor surgery has garnered increasing attention as a means to achieve these goals. Despite this, rehabilitation following brain tumor surgery has often been overlooked by neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, and physiatrists, who may perceive limited survival rates and high recurrence rates among these patients.

This study explores the integration of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and genetic testing in the morphological diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors. Tissue samples from 102 pediatric patients aged 1–17 years were analyzed using both traditional histopathology and advanced molecular tools. Markers such as Ki-67, GFAP, OLIG2, and Synaptophysin were evaluated alongside IDH1 and BRAF V600E mutations. The combined approach significantly improved tumor classification accuracy and provided prognostic insights. The study demonstrates that incorporating IHC and genetic profiling into standard diagnostic algorithms enhances the precision of pediatric neuro-oncology diagnostics and supports the development of individualized treatment strategies.

Following neurosurgical procedures for brain tumors, patients frequently experience motor impairments such as decreased motor function, hemiparesis, balance disturbances, and reduced overall mobility. These issues are particularly common when tumors are located near the pyramidal tracts, basal ganglia, or motor activation centers (Stummer et al., 2008). Such impairments significantly reduce a patient’s independence in daily life, making early and comprehensive rehabilitation essential. In this study, 25 patients were enrolled in a four-month individualized rehabilitation program. Kinesiotherapy exercises based on the Bobath method and the Brunnstrom concept were employed. Motor functions were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale, and Timed Up and Go test (Gladstone et al., 2002). These tests helped evaluate the patients’ mobility, balance maintenance, and walking speed.

Postoperative neurosurgical interventions for brain tumors can lead to severe impairments in speech functions—particularly in speech production, comprehension, and expression. When surgery is performed in the left cerebral hemisphere, especially near the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, cases of aphasia, dysarthria, and other speech disorders are frequently observed. This article analyzes the effectiveness of a comprehensive therapy model for speech rehabilitation, which includes speech-language therapy, neuropsychological interventions, and technological support. Standardized tests were used to assess patients' speech activity, and rehabilitation was organized based on individualized programs. The results indicate that integrated approaches yield high efficiency in restoring speech functions, especially when therapy is initiated early.