Загрязнение окружающей среды стало одним из важнейших факторов, определяющих состояние здоровья населения мира, особенно влияя на исходы для матери и плода. В последние десятилетия рост заболеваемости врожденными пороками сердца (ВПС) у новорожденных тесно связан с такими экологическими факторами риска, как загрязнение воздуха, воздействие тяжелых металлов, пестицидов и изменение образа жизни матери. В данной работе исследуется взаимосвязь между экологическими детерминантами и патогенезом ВПС, с акцентом на растущее бремя в развивающихся странах. В исследовании анализируются международные и национальные данные, выявляются пробелы в регулировании вопросов охраны окружающей среды и политики в области охраны здоровья матерей. Профилактические меры, включая усиление контроля качества воздуха, просвещение по вопросам здоровья матерей и пренатальный скрининг, рассматриваются как важнейшие компоненты комплексной глобальной стратегии. Полученные результаты подчеркивают острую необходимость межсекторального сотрудничества между организациями, занимающимися вопросами охраны окружающей среды, общественного здравоохранения и разработкой политики, для защиты будущих поколений от врожденных пороков сердца, обусловленных воздействием окружающей среды.

"Listening to Different English Varieties and Accents" explores the impact of diverse English dialects and accents on language comprehension and learning. As English has evolved globally, learners are exposed to a wide range of accents and varieties, from British and American to Australian, Indian, and others. This study emphasizes the importance of exposing language learners to these variations, arguing that doing so enhances their listening skills, cultural understanding, and communication effectiveness in real-world situations. It also discusses the challenges that arise from unfamiliar accents and the benefits of increased exposure, particularly in a globalized world where communication with speakers of various English dialects is commonplace.

The integration of social media into language teaching and learning has introduced innovative methods for student engagement, real-world exposure, and collaborative learning. This study examines how social media platforms impact language acquisition, engagement, and instructional strategies examining its potential benefits and challenges. We analyze traditional and digital language teaching methods.  Through a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from surveys and interviews with educators and learners. The findings reveal that social media enhances engagement, fosters collaboration, and provides authentic language exposure. However, challenges such as distraction and misinformation were also identified. The study concludes with recommendations for effectively integrating social media into language education.

The study is based on the analysis of 387 medical records of inpatients with severe traumatic brain injury. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CCH as part of the complex treatment of patients with brain compression by epidural hematoma after surgery, depending on the timing of its use from the moment of injury. The criterion for evaluating the results was the percentage of patient mortality in clinical groups. It has been proven that the effectiveness of CCH as part of complex treatment depends on the timing of its use from the moment of exposure to the traumatic factor. It was found that the use of CCH in the first 48 hours from the moment of injury reduces mortality, while its use after 48 hours after exposure to the traumatic factor does not affect the mortality rate in victims with severe TBI.

В статье рассматриваются современные лечебно-профилактические подходы к никотиновому лейкокератозу неба, вызванному употреблением электронных сигарет. Представлены результаты клинического исследования, включающего 150 пациентов из разных регионов Ферганской области Республики Узбекистан. Выявлены особенности патогенеза заболевания, а также эффективность инновационных методов терапии и профилактики. Проведен сравнительный анализ статистики распространенности никотинового лейкокератоза в связи с использованием электронных сигарет. Результаты подтверждают значимость комплексного подхода, включающего местную терапию, коррекцию иммунного статуса и отказ от вейпинга.

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, affecting millions of people annually. It is divided into two main categories: melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma). The high incidence of skin cancer, along with rising cases due to increased UV exposure, has prompted the need for more effective treatments. At the core of colchicine's anticancer effect is its inhibition of microtubule dynamics, leading to the disruption of mitosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Beyond microtubule inhibition, colchicine has also been shown to induce apoptosis through several pathways, including activation of caspases, inhibition of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and regulation of p53. Additionally, colchicine disrupts the tumor vasculature by inhibiting endothelial cell function, thus impairing tumor angiogenesis

Speaking fluency is a fundamental aspect of language acquisition, yet many EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners struggle with spontaneous speech, pronunciation, and conversational confidence. This study examines the impact of watching English movies on speaking fluency by analyzing how exposure to audiovisual materials enhances pronunciation, vocabulary acquisition, and natural speech patterns. The study employs a mixed-method approach, using pre-tests and post-tests, surveys, and interviews to evaluate improvements in speaking skills. Findings suggest that watching English movies significantly enhances fluency, reducing hesitation, improving pronunciation, and increasing lexical richness. The paper also discusses pedagogical implications for incorporating movies into language instruction.

Unusual events which happen at home like fainting have been a serious soundness exposure that decrease the enjoyment of life among society. It leads to implement a home based automated monitoring system like unusual or fall event detectors. A camera integrating a special algorithm was used to classify user’s behavior and smartphone’s accelerometer sensor was used to gather acceleration samples. After completing implementation of the project we did an experiment on our project. From experimental results we can see that the accuracy of the given algorithm was 91.4%, the precision was 91.6%, and the recall was 98%, demonstrating desired achievement of our approach in finding unusual situations.

This reformulated title underscores the integrated pathophysiological mechanisms and evolving clinical patterns of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inhabiting hot climatic environments. The review delves into heat-related metabolic stressors, cardiovascular maladaptations, and proposes patient-centered, climate-conscious therapeutic models tailored for sustained cardiometabolic resilience.

Effective vocabulary integration in English teaching is fundamental, as vocabulary underpins all language skills: reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Teaching vocabulary requires more than memorizing definitions; it involves meaningful context, repeated exposure, and active engagement. By applying thematic and contextual approaches, using v justisual aids, interactive activities, technology, and spaced repetition, teachers can make vocabulary learning more dynamic and effective. However, challenges exist in selecting relevant vocabulary, ensuring retention, and measuring progress, which necessitate careful planning and varied teaching methods.

This article investigates how university students in Uzbekistan perceive the use of Instagram and TikTok as tools for learning English. With the rise of digital platforms, educational strategies are shifting toward more interactive and learner-centered approaches. Through social media, students gain exposure to authentic language input, peer interaction, and informal learning environments. The study examines the benefits, limitations, and future potential of using these platforms in language education.

Axborot aktivi (Asset Value - AV) - apparat va dasturiy ta’minot, to‘plangan va qayta ishlangan ma’lumotlar to‘plami. Axborot aktivlari ularni ishlab chiqish, litsenziyalash, saqlash va almashtirish xarajatlarini baholash yo‘li bilan o‘lchanishi mumkin;

This article examines strategies to enhance the teaching of English to engineering students, addressing both the challenges and opportunities inherent in preparing them for a globalized workforce. It highlights key issues, including students' lack of motivation, limited exposure to English, and the complexity of specialized engineering vocabulary. Traditional language teaching methods are critiqued for their limited engagement with practical language use in real-world contexts.

This paper endeavors to examine the motivational impact derived from the incorporation of authentic materials within English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning environments. It further offers strategic recommendations for educators on how to structure such materials in ways that enhance learners’ comprehension and, consequently, sustain and elevate their motivational levels. In contemporary second language pedagogy, authentic materials have assumed a pivotal role due to their capacity to deliver meaningful linguistic input and expose learners to a diverse array of real-life content. This exposure not only stimulates interest but also fosters intrinsic motivation among students. Authentic materials have nowadays become an important part of second language classes mainly because they provide semantic input to students and enable them to interact with a wide variety of information that allows them not only to find inspiration but also to become motivated learners.

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Studying abroad is a life-changing experience that offers students academic, cultural, and personal benefits. It provides exposure to diverse cultures, access to high-quality education, and opportunities for language improvement and personal growth. However, international students also face challenges such as homesickness, financial constraints, language barriers, and cultural adaptation. While these difficulties can be overwhelming, they can be managed through resilience and support systems. Ultimately, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its challenges, making it a valuable investment in one's future.

В данной статье представлено комплексное рассмотрение стратегий и мер, направленных на профилактику отравлений, вызванных токсическими инфекциями. Токсические инфекции, возникающие в результате воздействия вредных патогенов или загрязненных веществ, представляют значительный риск для здоровья отдельных лиц и сообществ. В исследовании изучаются различные профилактические подходы, включая правила гигиены, программы вакцинации, протоколы безопасности пищевых продуктов и меры общественного здравоохранения. Анализируя эти стратегии, данное исследование стремится подчеркнуть разнообразные меры, используемые для защиты здоровья населения и смягчения опасностей, связанных с токсическими инфекциями.

This article explores the integration of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, into modern web applications. It discusses the practical benefits—enhanced user interaction, automation, and intelligent response generation—alongside potential security risks including data exposure, bias propagation, and misuse. A technical prototype is implemented to assess the impact of LLMs on performance and user experience metrics. Empirical analysis shows measurable gains in task efficiency but highlights challenges in privacy and latency. The study provides a framework for ethical, efficient, and secure deployment of LLMs in dynamic web environments

This research explores the challenges and strategies associated with improving listening comprehension among Grade 10 EFL learners in Uzbek secondary schools. Listening skills are essential for second-language acquisition, yet they are often the most neglected in classroom settings. The study identifies specific difficulties faced by Uzbek learners, including limited exposure to authentic listening materials, inadequate teaching methodologies, and linguistic interference from the native language. Employing an exploratory action research approach, the study investigates the efficacy of targeted interventions such as integrating technology, adapting authentic audio materials, and utilizing interactive teaching strategies. Findings reveal significant improvements in students’ listening comprehension skills, emphasizing the need for a pedagogical shift in teaching practices to enhance EFL listening proficiency.

The present study explores the effectiveness of podcasts as an innovative tool for improving listening skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Given the increasing role of digital media in education, podcasts offer a flexible and engaging alternative to traditional listening exercises. This paper examines how podcasts contribute to EFL learners’ listening comprehension, motivation, and overall language acquisition. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining pre-test and post-test assessments with surveys and interviews. The findings indicate that regular exposure to podcast-based learning materials significantly enhances learners’ ability to understand spoken English, particularly in terms of accent recognition, speech rate adaptation, and contextual comprehension. Furthermore, podcasts promote autonomous learning by allowing students to control their pace and choose topics based on their interests. The study concludes that incorporating podcasts into EFL curricula can effectively bridge the gap between classroom instruction and real-world language use.

The decline in exposure to maternal estrogen during birth triggers an increase in the production of gonadotropins and other reproductive hormones in infants, a phenomenon referred to as minipuberty. This transient activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is accompanied by heightened folliculogenesis and ovarian growth in girls. The growth of ovaries and changes in other reproductive organs during infancy is a normal part of development and may impact long-term reproductive function. However, established normative ranges for ovarian growth in infancy have not been determined or explored in relation to adult reproductive function.

The acquisition of accurate English pronunciation remains one of the most challenging aspects of language learning for Uzbek learners. This study explores the phonological differences between Uzbek and English, identifying common pronunciation errors such as the substitution of /θ/ and /ð/, difficulties with vowel contrasts, consonant clusters, and stress patterns. It also examines the historical and pedagogical context of English teaching in Uzbekistan, highlighting limitations in phonetic training and exposure to authentic models. The research evaluates effective pedagogical strategies, including explicit phonetic instruction, minimal pairs, technology-enhanced learning, and learner-centered approaches. Findings suggest that tailored, culturally responsive methods are essential to overcome pronunciation barriers, improve intelligibility, and build learner confidence. The study provides practical recommendations for curriculum design, teacher training, and classroom implementation, contributing to the broader goal of enhancing English language proficiency in Uzbekistan.

In the article, radionuclides in atmospheric air, radionuclides in natural and underground water, scientific research and scientific research of foreign scientists about the sources of ionizing radiation affecting the human body from medical diagnostic tools and the metrological basis of radiometric determination. Also, the metrological basis of radiometric determination, the results of studies with radionuclides in atmospheric air and natural and underground water are presented. From the analysis of the scientific research works studied by the scientists, the information on measuring the level of alpha and beta radiation in the atmospheric air with a radiometer was studied, mainly the damage caused by radio-technogenic losses was discussed. At the same time, information is given that x-ray diagnostics, which corresponds to approximately 90% of the total medical dose in terms of medical use of all sources of ionizing radiation affecting humans and radiation exposure to the population. From the analysis of the studied scientific research works, the information on measuring the level of alpha and beta radiation in the atmospheric air with a radiometer is presented, mainly the damage caused by radio-technological losses is discussed.

This scientific paper examines the role of reading books in the acquisition of a foreign language. It provides an analysis of how consistent exposure to written texts contributes to the improvement of lexical knowledge, syntactic awareness, and overall language fluency. The study also highlights the importance of authentic input and contextualized grammar found in literary materials, which support long-term language retention. Furthermore, it emphasizes how reading fosters intercultural competence by introducing learners to cultural references, idiomatic expressions, and real-world language usage. The paper concludes that integrating reading into language learning curricula significantly enhances linguistic and communicative competence.

The use of modern technology in foreign language instruction is the focus of this article. Digital technology-based learning is described as having several benefits over traditional methods employed in earlier studies. It is also observed that early exposure to these technologies enhanced the cognitive and perceptual abilities of the younger generation, which grew up in an era of modern digital means.