In recent years, a lot of scientific research is being carried out in our country, relying on our historical and spiritual heritage, in the matter of truthful and impartial study of the history of the Uzbek people and their statehood. This article interprets information relevant to the study of the history of Uzbekistan.

This article reveals the importance of studying the history of Uzbekistan in educating young people in the spirit of the ideology of national independence. The history of the development of the ethnic community "Uzbeks" and the formation of statehood is also given. One of the urgent problems facing the people of Uzbekistan is the task of educating young people in the spirit of the ideology of national independence. emphasized: "The spiritual foundation of our home, the pillars of the future of our state are very ancient and very strong. No one can deny this. Our history goes back a thousand years." Turning to history, it is necessary to remember that this is the "memory of the people" and therefore requires careful and respectful treatment. People who do not have historical memory turn into mankurts, people without a homeland, without morality, without a civic position.

Postcolonial literature offers a critical forum for reexamining colonialism's effects and analyzing the past using historical and memory perspectives. The purpose of memory and history in postcolonial writings is examined in this essay, with an emphasis on how writers employ these components to provide counter-histories, contest colonial narratives, and reclaim identities. I contend that in postcolonial contexts, memory and history—while connected and distinct—are potent instruments for resistance and healing. I address how memory and history shape the postcolonial subject and how they counteract the ways in which history has been misrepresented or neglected, using examples from significant postcolonial works, including those by writers like Salman Rushdie, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, and Chinua Achebe.

Postcolonial literature, memory, history, colonialism, identity, counter-history, resistance.

The article reveals the history of the construction of the water reservoir during the years of Soviet power in the Kashkadarya oasis, as well as the development of new lands and the history of the irrigation system, based on archival and primary sources. The scope, results and consequences of the work done during the construction of water reservoirs are covered with historical evidence.

This article is devoted to the history of the development of biology teaching methodology, the emergence, development and formation of the main teaching methods. This article describes the historical process of teaching biology and its regulation, changes in the educational process, the use of pedagogical principles and technologies in teaching, and successful pedagogical methods used by students in learning biology. provides information. This article describes the historical development of biology teaching methodology and many important methods and techniques in teaching students about science

Дистанционная работа стала неотъемлемой частью современного трудового рынка, но ее история и развитие простираются на протяжении длительного времени. В данной статье исследуется история становления и эволюция дистанционной работы от ее зарождения до современных тенденций. Рассматриваются ключевые этапы развития этой формы занятости, включая технологические, социальные и экономические факторы, формировавшие и изменявшие спрос на дистанционный труд.

В данной статье анализируются мнения и комментарии о политике гендерного равенства в Республике Узбекистан, роли женщин в жизни общества, принятых Законах и правовых документах о женщинах. Также была изучена история и настоящее гендерного равенства в Узбекистане и сделаны выводы.

This article deals with the problem of developing communication skills in eighth grade students in the process of studying the subject of the history of Uzbekistan. Communication skills of students can be actively developed in history lessons, as this subject allows you to deeply study the way of our ancestors, the history of their homeland. The author in the article gives a system of communication skills and communicative competence, which allows you to perceive historical information, develop critical thinking.

В этом статье идёт речь о научная и культурная среда и историческая наука которое было важнейшее сеть в раннее средневековье арабского халифата. Аббасицский династия которое судили в этом периоде обратили особые внимание научную среду. То же время в историческом науке было описано многие соченение в магазийском и сираском направлении. В частности, было принесено историки и их произведении на сираском направлении, которые произведели творчество в ранее средневековье.

Studying the history of professional unions helps to understand the role of the human factor in the development of society better. During the totalitarian era, professional union organizations, which were national institutions built into the system of governance, became more and more widespread. That is why today the study and generalization of the activity of professional unions during the independence of the republic of Uzbekistan arouses great political and scientific interest. Studying it allows professional associations to objectively assess the conditions of activity, identify the causes of defects, learn from the past and develop it in modern conditions. As a result, the main goal of the article is to study the history of the Council of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, a professional union of the Republic of Uzbekistan during the period of independence  

Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID -19) has been declared a pandemic due to its global spread.

The goal is to determine the characteristics of clinical and laboratory disorders and evaluate the effectiveness of a complex method of treating children with acute pyelonephritis that developed against the background of Covid -19.

Material and methods research. 65 patients were observed, including 30 children with AP without a history of Covid -19 and 35 patients with AP due to Covid -19, aged from 4 to 18 years.

Results and discussion. of the study. Since patients with AP had varying degrees of process activity, 12 (40%) children without a history of Covid -19 and 35 (100%) patients with a history of Covid -19 had a III degree of activity of the inflammatory process. and in patients with AP who did not have a history of Covid -19, stage II activity was noted. Conclusions. In patients who had Covid -19, there was a high percentage of tubulointerstitial kidney damage (acute pyelonephritis (49%)) of viral etiology (77%). The cost-effectiveness of the combination therapy method was 31%.

Prospective history teachers face the challenge of navigating stereotypes that have limited the subject to rigid and memorization-based learning methods, presenting it as a closed-off realm of knowledge lacking meaning and interest for many students. Studies examining social science teaching consistently underscore the significant educational value that history holds. Whether through inquiry-based or discovery-focused classroom activities, history engages students in primary cognitive skills like classification, analysis, reflection, and inference.

Как мы все знаем, независимость открыла для нас важные пути обновления и развития во всех областях. Кроме того, заметные новации были внесены в деятельность музеев. В данной статье на примере деятельности Ферганского краеведческого музея будут освещены некоторые изменения и музейные сети за годы независимости.

This article is about the history of the emergence of psycholinguistics, which is one of the branches of linguistics. Psycholinguistics is a relatively new area of study, though interest in the mind-language relationship has a long history. And here we mentioned some  prominent scientists and their  works.

Mazkur maqolada Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasida faoliyat yuritayotgan muzeylarning turizm rivojlanishidagi ko‘p qirrali roli chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, Igor Savitskiy nomidagi Qoraqalpoq davlat san’at muzeyi, Berdaq nomidagi Qoraqalpoq adabiyoti tarixi davlat muzeyi hamda Mo‘ynoqdagi Orol dengizi tarixi muzeyi misolida ularning xalqaro brend yaratishdagi, iqtisodiy faoliyatni jonlantirishdagi, ijtimoiy-ma’naviy tarbiyani kuchaytirishdagi va ekologik ongni shakllantirishdagi o‘rni yoritiladi. Maqolada, shuningdek, muzeylarning raqamlashtirish jarayonidagi imkoniyatlari va zamonaviy turizm tendensiyalariga moslashuvchanligi ham ko‘rsatib beriladi. Natijalarga ko‘ra, muzeylar Qoraqalpog‘istonning turizm salohiyatini oshirishda asosiy strategik vosita sifatida qaralishi mumkin.

Cities located in a certain region of the world are considered as centers of society and the state. In the context of modern globalization, changes in the political, economic and socio-cultural spheres in the world have a certain impact on the development of cities. Therefore, the study of urban socio-economic processes from a historical point of view is becoming one of the pressing problems for researchers of history, including other fields.

understanding the value of the history of medicine for future doctors leads to improving theoretical knowledge and preventing mistakes of predecessor specialists in a particular field.

The Uzbek language, belonging to the Turkic language family, holds a prominent position in Central Asia. This scientific article provides an in-depth exploration of the historical development of the Uzbek language, tracing its evolution from its Turkic roots to its modern form. The article examines the linguistic significance of Uzbek, including its influences, dialect variations, and its role in shaping the cultural and social identity of the Uzbek people. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical records, linguistic studies, and cultural factors, this article sheds light on the rich history and importance of the Uzbek language.

This article analyzes the formation, objectives, and socio-political significance of the exile (forced deportation) system in the Bukhara Emirate during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, based on historical sources. In the Emirate, exile punishment was not limited to criminals but was also applied to political opponents, as well as individuals accused of religious or ethnic discord. The article explores the role of the Emirate's administrative structures in issuing exile decisions, the forms of punishment, designated exile regions, and the impact of this practice on local populations. Additionally, changes in the exile system in the context of relations with the Russian Empire are examined. The study is based on archival documents, and written accounts of foreign travelers and diplomatic representatives. Through this topic, the article reveals the unique characteristics of the Bukhara Emirate’s legal-political system and mechanisms of social control

Мазкур тезис Туркистонда уй ишчиларининг ҳуқуқ ва манфаатларини ҳимоя қилиш тизимининг пайдо бўлишини ўрганишга қаратилган. Бунда 1906 йилда қабул қилинган Тошкент шаҳар официант, ошпаз ва уй хизматкорлари касаба уюшмаларининг устави таҳлил қилиниб, Туркистон уй ишчилари касаба уюшмаси қарийб 120 йиллик тарихга эга эканлиги аниқланган. 

This article investigates discourse as an important multidisciplinary topic, focusing on its function in constructing social structures, identities, and ideologies. The article chronicles the history of discourse studies, using linguistics, psychology, and social sciences to examine the link between language and power. Discourse is classified into two types: written and spoken, emphasizing its importance in communicating and sustaining social norms. The paper also discusses the methodology of discourse analysis (DA).

This article describes an analysis of the titles of rulers in the history of the statehood of Ancient Central Asia. An analysis of the epigraphic data reveals that in the city-states of Central Asia, the functions of religious and secular authority were gradually merged into the hands of a single ruler. Thus, the rulers of Central Asia assumed the positions of military chief, chief judge, and leading priest. In time, various titles were combined to form the title of "Ruler of the four countries of the world." The article covers the history of the emergence and evolution of titles in the history of the statehood of Ancient Central Asia.

The use of interactive methods in teaching history has become a vital topic in contemporary education. Interactive teaching techniques play a significant role in enhancing students' knowledge, developing their analytical thinking skills, and ensuring active participation during lessons. This article examines the main interactive methods used in teaching history and highlights their importance in increasing lesson effectiveness. It discusses the unique features of methods such as discussions, role-playing, debates, games, and group work, as well as the practical application of these methods in the classroom. Additionally, the article explores how interactive methods can encourage students to delve deeper into historical events and increase their interest in the subject.

Настоящая статья посвящена исследованию истории возникновения и развития института следственного судьи в различных правовых системах. Анализируются предпосылки его появления, эволюция функций и полномочий, а также влияние социальных и политических факторов на формирование судебного контроля за следствием. Особое внимание уделяется развитию института в континентальной правовой системе, его роли в обеспечении защиты прав личности и законности уголовного процесса. Рассматриваются ключевые этапы формирования следственного судьи в Европе, в том числе во Франции, Германии и других странах. Делается вывод о значимости данного института в современной правовой системе и перспективах его совершенствования.

Мақалада фундаментал китапхана тарийхы, китап фондының қәлиплесиўи, жеке коллекциялар, электрон каталог, грантлар, баспаханалар  ҳаққында сөз жүритиледи.