The indications and contraindications of abdominal wall plasty for inguinal, umbilical, and postoperative ventral hernias are discussed in sufficient detail in the literature worldwide. Methods of surgery and the feasibility of using synthetic tissues are also reviewed. In the majority of observations it was shown that the immediate and long-term results of planned surgical treatment of patients are favourable. Nevertheless, the use of non-tension hernioplasty in urgent surgery is still an important issue.