This article examines the concept and main types of scientific articles, describes the main conditions and possibilities of using reading scientific articles in organizing independent work in the discipline "Finance", and gives one practical example of using a scientific article in the educational process.

Corpus linguistics provides a scientific approach to understanding language use through large collections of real-world texts. This paper explores the integration of corpus linguistics with short news articles—a genre that has become essential in today's digital communication. By analyzing short news articles within corpora, educators and researchers can extract significant insights into vocabulary acquisition, grammar learning, discourse structures, and translation strategies. The ability to apply corpus-based methods to short news articles presents unique opportunities for language teaching, translation, and developing personalized learning experiences in educational platforms. This paper also addresses challenges and future directions in corpus-based analysis of short news articles.

Ushbu maqolada amnion pardaning muddatidan oldin erta yorilishining ehtimoliy ko’p uchrovchi  sabablari  haqida so’z yuritilgan va ko’plab ilmiy maqolalardan olingan umumiy xulosalarning  bayoni keltirilgan. Ko’rib chiqilgan  ilmiy maqolalar elektron shaklda bo’lib asosiy e’tibor AMPOEY ning etiologiyasiga va uning kelib chiqishiga sabab bo’luvchi patogenetik o’zgarishlarga qaratilgan. Ko’rib chiqilgan maqolalar  soni 20 dan ortiq.

Reviewing conference materials, in addition to informing, involves evaluating the collection as a book that represents the scientific coverage of the stated topics now. The book requires integrity, and therefore, the principle (more often principles) of systematization of parts (articles) within it. In the collection under consideration, thematic, chronological and national ones are selected. The articles in the collection are arranged in three sections (they are not singled out in any way): first 12 theoretical, then 25 somehow related to comparative literature, and the last 6 are devoted to the problems of the development of the literatures of Lithuania, Germany, France, Georgia, Poland from the XVI to the ХХ century.

The distinction between the indefinite articles "a" and "an" in English grammar is a fundamental yet often misunderstood rule. While seemingly straightforward, this grammatical feature is deeply rooted in the historical evolution of the English language and guided by phonological principles rather than spelling conventions. This paper examines the historical origins of article usage, the phonetic rationale behind the distinction, and its implications for linguistic efficiency, cognitive processing, and second-language acquisition. Furthermore, it explores cross-linguistic variations and the influence of borrowed words on article selection. By analyzing linguistic studies and phonological adaptation theories, this study highlights the dynamic nature of language and its role in optimizing speech clarity and ease of articulation.

Pandemiyalar va bu sohada erishilgan yutuqlar natijasida, teletibbiyotdan foydalanish COVID-19 tufayli, ayniqsa Buyuk Britaniya, AQSh va kabi yirik, sanoati rivojlangan mamlakatlarda tez sur'atlar bilan o'sdi . Xitoy. Samarali davolanishning yo'qligi va hali ham emlanmagan shaxslarning katta qismi, ijtimoiy masofa va blokirovka choralari telemeditsina bemor va shifokor o'zaro ta'sirining xavfsiz usuli ekanligini ko'rsatadi. Ushbu maqolada biz COVID-19 pandemiyasi davrida telemeditsinadan foydalanishga oid adabiyotlarni ko'rib chiqdik.

This article provides a review of five scholarly articles that focus on English language teaching policies and practices in non-philological faculties. The articles cover a range of topics including policy changes, the role of technology, and critical analysis of the education system. The author shows some challenges in teaching English as a second language and provide insights into current practices and future directions for improving language education

This paper examines the comparative features of machine and human translation of English scientific articles into Uzbek. The study highlights semantic accuracy, terminological precision, and stylistic adequacy as the central points of evaluation. Drawing on international scholarship and Uzbek research, the analysis shows that machine translation provides speed and accessibility, yet struggles with terminological and contextual nuances. Human translation ensures academic reliability and stylistic cohesion, though it requires more time and resources. The paper argues for a hybrid approach in which machine systems are used for draft preparation, while human translators refine and standardize final versions. This model enhances the quality of Uzbek academic discourse and accelerates the integration of global knowledge.

Nowadays, full-endoscopic lumbar spine surgery has gained more attention. Since, 3 decades ago, some pioneers have developed the techniques of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) [1-5]. TELD can achieve decompression with minimal injury to collateral soft tissue, which benefits postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, and early return to daily life or work. Because the surgery is done under local anesthesia, surgeons can avoid neural injury by communicating with the patient directly during the procedure. Though there are advantages in enhancing postoperative recovery, there are several limitations causing failure or complications of TELD.

Maḥmūd Zamakhsharī is a great mufassir, mutakallim, jurist who came from Movarounnahr. When the scientific, cultural and economic situation in Mā Warāʾ al-Nahr was in decline, Maḥmūd Zamakhsharī served to revive and restore science, specially in Qur’ān and fiqh sudies with selfless scientists. Ten of his works are known today, and scientific researches on these works continue without stopping. This articles mainly contributed to use Qur’ānic verses in Ru’ūs al-masā’il manuscript.

Proverbs are very broad in content.  This feature allows large semantic shifts to the article itself, so that a single article can be used in different contexts in different contexts.  That fact must be taken into account. Articles clarified between English and Uzbek folk proverbs, as well as proverbs of other nations with their features of glorifying and exemplifying universal qualities, can be created independently as a result of the general progress in the life of each nation, on the one hand, and through the lives of other peoples

The theme of proverbs, and sayings    people have always loved and respected their homeland and fought hard against the enemies of the Motherland, its traitors and invaders.  That is why in such articles as "The nightingale loves the nature, the man loves the Motherland", "If your motherland is alive, your color will not be straw", "The beggar of the homeland - the beggar of the shroud" finds its concise logical conclusion.  Many of the proverbs express true human qualities such as courage, bravery, generosity, justice, honesty, pure love, loyalty, kindness, and high generosity.

Pharmacogenetics investigates how DNA genes respond individually to drug administration. With advancements in genome sequencing and molecular genetics, pharmacogenetic research has gained traction, offering insights beyond medical applications. It emerges as a valuable tool in deciphering toxicological data in post-mortem examinations, pivotal for determining causes and circumstances of death. This systematic literature review aims to sensitize the forensic community to the potential of pharmacogenetics and provide a procedural guide for forensic toxicologists dealing with drug-related fatalities of uncertain origins. The review encompassed searches with keywords like 'pharmacogenetics' and 'forensic toxicology', yielding 125 articles, with 29 meeting inclusion criteria. The majority (75%) were original articles (n = 21), while 25% were case reports (n = 7). Among the studies, 78% (n = 22) involved deceased individuals subjected to complete autopsies, with the remaining 22% (n = 6) focusing on healthy subjects administered drugs for subsequent pharmacogenetic analysis. Opioids (codeine, morphine, methadone) were the most studied drugs, followed by antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants, venlafaxine). Across the studies, there was consistent emphasis on the indispensability of pharmacogenetic assessments in drug-related deaths, particularly in cases not involving drug overdose. This review underscores the significance of forensic pharmacogenetics, a field within toxicology that remains incompletely understood yet proves invaluable in sudden deaths, overdoses, drug administration-related fatalities, and cases of alleged medical negligence.

This article examines the issues of classification of vitamin and mineral complexes according to the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Statistical analysis was carried out during the customs clearance of vitamin and mineral complexes, scientific articles and world experience in declaring vitamin preparations were considered, as well as vitamins and minerals in the composition of vitamin and mineral complexes were studied, the daily intake of vitamins and minerals in the composition of vitamin and mineral complexes was compared and it is recommended to classify vitamin and mineral complexes according to commodity item 2106 of the FEACN of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The factors shaping the style of scientific literature include the necessity for a logical progression in presenting complex material and a rich tradition, resulting in a preference for complete, cohesive, and ideally standardized syntactic structures. Consequently, a notable characteristic of mathematical articles in foreign is the utilization of intricate syntax, manifested through the prevalence of compound sentences featuring various types of coordination and subordination. However, there has been a recent trend in foreign scientific style towards simplification.

This article explores the stylistic functions of repetition in English societal news discourse. Repetition, as a rhetorical and linguistic device, plays a vital role in emphasizing key ideas, constructing persuasive narratives, and reinforcing ideological positions in journalistic texts. Drawing on examples from contemporary British and American news articles, the study categorizes various forms of repetition—including lexical, syntactic, and discourse-level repetition—and examines their pragmatic and stylistic impact. The findings reveal that repetition is not only a marker of cohesion but also a powerful tool for audience engagement and ideological framing. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how linguistic stylistic features operate in modern news media to shape public perception and discourse.

This article reflects on the positive changes that foreign language teachers have experienced in the Republic of Uzbekistan's new constitutional framework. By examining key amendments to the Constitution, the article provides insights into the provisions that have facilitated these changes. The amendments recognize the importance of foreign language education, integrate it into the curriculum, provide professional development opportunities, and offer support to foreign language teachers. These changes have enhanced the status and recognition of foreign language teachers and contributed to the overall development of language education in Uzbekistan.

This article presents a comparative analysis of the biological properties of walnut oil as described in Uzbek and English language sources. The study aims to identify similarities and differences in the reported health benefits and applications of walnut oil across both languages. The research methodology involves a comprehensive literature review of academic articles, traditional medicine texts, and popular health resources in Uzbek and English. The results reveal a high degree of overlap in the described biological properties, with both languages emphasizing walnut oil's positive effects on gastrointestinal health, liver function, and cardiovascular health.  

This article is about family honour in English and its role and importance in spoken and written language. Protecting the family and family honour, passing it on to the next generation, and its role in literature and the concept of honour, which is explored theoretically, with references to the most prominent researchers in the field, as well as historically, in order to reveal the concept’s main transformations in English culture. In addition, the article gives a short introduction to the rest of the articles in the book.

This article analyzes the significance of composing abilities. Composing aptitudes is an critical angle of scholastic accomplishment. To realize higher levels, you wish constant work on yourself, perusing books, magazines and logical articles. This will hypothetically be accomplished through ponder hone.

Страхование в Республики Узбекистан основана на историческом опыте и правовой базе, то есть 23 ноября 2021 году был принят в новой редакции закон «О страховой деятельности» (вместо ранее принятого 5 апреля 2002 года). Закон состоит из 10 глав и 72 статей. В закон введены также понятия, как трансграничное страхование, перестрахование и другие нормы. Согласно ст.38 страховщики (перестраховщики) создаются в форме Акционерных обществ. Другие участники страхового рынка, являющейся юридическими лицами, создаются в других формах собственности, предусмотренных другими законодательными актами.

The shelf life of medicinal products is understood as the period of time during which they must fully retain their therapeutic activity, harmlessness and, in terms of qualitative and quantitative characteristics, comply with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia or the Federal Law (FS11), in accordance with which they were released and stored under the conditions stipulated by the specified articles.

Yangi O‘zbekistonda kadrlar tayyorlashda Konstitutsiyaga kiritilgan o‘zgarish va qo‘shimchalar bilan bevosita bog‘liq. Konstitutsiyaning kadrlar tayyorlash yo‘nalishlarini qamrab olgan bob va moddalarida sezilarli o‘zgarishlar qilinganligi, maqolada to‘liq ochib berildi. Maqola davomida Yangi O‘zbekistonda kadrlar tayyorlash tizimida qo‘llanilayotgan yangi yondashuvlar tahlil qilingan.

This article focuses on the semantic characteristics of terms related to hydraulic engineering structures and examines how they are defined in written sources. The terms used in the field of hydraulic engineering encompass technical, engineering, and natural-science concepts; their precision, consistency, and contextual appropriateness are of critical importance for the effective functioning of the field. The paper analyzes the semantic structures, synonymic scope, and functional load of these terms within the field. Additionally, it investigates the definitions provided in state standards, technical literature, and glossaries in scholarly articles, employing a comparative linguistic approach. This plays a significant role in ensuring the accurate and consistent use of hydraulic engineering terminology in scientific and technical texts.

The purpose of digital tools in foreign language instruction is the main topic of the study. It assesses how various digital technology combinations affect language learning, offering pedagogical implications and insights into their efficacy. Students are encouraged to engage in role-playing, interactive exercises, and multimedia learning through the use of digital learning resources. Real-time speaking and listening activities in language learning courses, for instance, offer fast feedback, which boosts user engagement. To meet the needs of various learning styles, provide a variety of multimedia resources, including podcasts, videos, and online articles. These tools help students become more proficient comprehension learners and culturally conscious people by exposing them to language use in authentic contexts. With the speedy assessment and feedback that digital tools provide, educators can effectively track their students' progress. This rapid feedback loop helps pupils catch and correct mistakes early on, which accelerates language acquisition.

The article analyzes the general meetings, socio-political, cultural, educational and economic relations of the Republic of
Uzbekistan with the countries of Central Asia from 1991 to 1995 on the basis of articles published in the newspaper “People’s Word”. It is explained in the columns of this newspaper that the political, socio-economic, spiritual and cultural processes taking place in our country and in Central Asia are objectively covered.