The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PD-4884 dated November 6, 2020, established the introduction of a credit-module system in higher education and its gradual implementation in practice. This system is formed in accordance with international educational standards, in which students will have the opportunity to independently plan their educational paths, develop their interest in science, and acquire independent research skills. This plays an important role in preparing modern knowledge-capable, independent-thinking and initiative-taking specialists. Large-scale reforms are also being carried out in our republic to reform the higher education system, update its content and essence in line with the requirements of the times, and improve the quality of education, and the introduction of this system is recognized as one of the important stages in this direction.

Заболевания органа зрения и его придаточного аппарата продолжают оставаться одной из приоритетных проблем здравоохранения, оказывая значительное влияние на качество жизни, трудоспособность и социальную активность населения. Настоящее исследование посвящено анализу офтальмологической заболеваемости в Республике Узбекистан с акцентом на динамику и структуру распространения. Использованы официальные статистические данные Министерства здравоохранения, охватывающие возрастные, территориальные и временные аспекты. Результаты демонстрируют умеренный рост общего числа зарегистрированных случаев, при этом характер динамики варьируется по регионам и возрастным группам. Отмечены волнообразные изменения уровня заболеваемости, значительные территориальные различия, а также рост числа случаев среди подростков и детей в отдельные годы. Особое внимание уделено глаукоме как социально значимому заболеванию с высоким риском инвалидизации. Полученные данные служат основой для последующего фармакоэкономического анализа и могут быть использованы при разработке целевых программ профилактики, диагностики и лечения, а также при обосновании стратегий оптимизации ресурсов в системе здравоохранения.

Peripheral lymph node tuberculosis (PLNTB) is the most common form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in people with and without HIV.  The cervical region is the most frequently affected location.  Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common offender.  Impacts are more likely to affect female young people who are economically productive.  Tubercular lymphadenitis is mostly a medical condition, even though frequent removal of the affected node may be required to avoid scarring. However, surgical excision is associated with a somewhat worse prognosis than medical treatment alone [1,2,3]. 

In this article, based on the provisions of the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other normative legal acts, data from researches by experts of the World Bank Group the features of the introduction of digital technologies into civil circulation in the Republic of Uzbekistan are analyzed, proposals for amendments and additions to the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the adoption of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On Digital Assets» are justified.

One of the most prevalent locations for extrapulmonary TB is the lymph nodes, especially the thoracic lymph nodes. However, nothing is known about Mtb infection in these organs. Lymph nodes are habitats for Mtb development and persistence in addition to being locations where the adaptive immune system is initiated. Granuloma growth brought on by Mtb infection disturbs and, if it grows large enough, destroys the lymph node's regular design, which is essential to its operation. Effective TB vaccines seem to stop Mtb from moving from the lungs to the lymph nodes in preclinical animals. Future studies evaluating the efficacy of vaccines and anti-TB drug treatments should take into account the effects on thoracic lymph nodes, not just the lungs. Finally, drug penetration to the lymph nodes is poor compared to blood, lung tissue, and lung granulomas.

This article analyzes the legal foundations of the organization and functioning of administrative courts operating in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this article researcher gave scientific standpoints and comments to following legal documents: Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures for further reform of the judicial and legal system, strengthening guarantees of reliable protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms” (No:PD-4850 dated 21.10.2016), Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to radically improve the structure and increase the efficiency of the judicial system of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (No: PD-4966 dated 21.02.2017). Important aspects of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On additional measures to further expand access to justice and improve the efficiency of the courts”, adopted on January 16, 2023, concerning administrative courts, were also highlighted. In addition, it is justified how to distinguish the activities of an administrative court from the activities of another court (an administrative court considering cases of administrative offenses).

This article examines the issues of classification of vitamin and mineral complexes according to the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Statistical analysis was carried out during the customs clearance of vitamin and mineral complexes, scientific articles and world experience in declaring vitamin preparations were considered, as well as vitamins and minerals in the composition of vitamin and mineral complexes were studied, the daily intake of vitamins and minerals in the composition of vitamin and mineral complexes was compared and it is recommended to classify vitamin and mineral complexes according to commodity item 2106 of the FEACN of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

In the years of independence, the educational system and education of a competent generation in the republic became the main priorities of the state policy. Improving the activities of pre-school education organizations serves as a basis for the effectiveness of activities in this field of education. According to the Decree No. PF-5198 dated September 30 , 2017 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh . Mirziyoy , preschool education is the primary link of the continuous education system. Being considered as a child, it is very important in raising a healthy and well-rounded child and preparing him for school.

concept of development of the preschool education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030 ( hereinafter - the Concept ) of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on September 30 , 2018 "On measures to improve the management of the preschool education system" No. PQ-3955 was developed in order to implement the decision, and complex measures for the development of the preschool education system until 2030 includes. The decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to approve the concept of development of the preschool education system until 2030 was adopted .

The article analyzes the composition of species, leading groups, spectrum of families, and taxonomic composition of fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Bukhara region and adjacent water basins. In Bukhara region and adjacent water basins, 2 groups, 3 families, and 9 species of  2 large groups of fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan were found. Fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan is one of the most important objects of biological diversity. Various biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors have a negative effect on fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

O'zbekiston Respublikasidagi bozor munosabatlari sharoitida lizing shartnomasining qo'llanilishi muhimligi, ushbu turdagi lizing shartnomasining afzalliklari, O'zbekiston Respublikasining fuqarolik qonunchiligiga muvofiq lizing shartnomasini huquqiy tartibga solish xususiyatlari, investitsiyalar uchun lizing shartnomasining imkoniyatlari, moliyaviy lizing shartnomasining o'ziga xos xususiyatlari, lizing shartnomasini tuzish tartibi va mazmuni, lizing shartnomasi bilan bog'liq xavflar va javobgarlik masalalari ko'rib chiqiladi lizing shartnomasi taraflarining to'g'risida qaror qabul qiladi. O'zbekiston Respublikasida lizing munosabatlarini tartibga soluvchi qonunchilikni takomillashtirish bo'yicha ayrim takliflar ishlab chiqildi.

In the article, research was conducted in order to create a new variety of bread wheat with stable productivity adapted to the conditions of Fergana region. During the studies, when the productivity indicators of wheat were studied, the plant height was 92.6-106 cm, the number of spikes was 16.67-20.67, the weight of the spike was 1.77-2.21 g, the weight of 1000 grains was 38.2-43.2 g, and the yield was 4.54-6.79 t/ha.

Donli ekinlar qishloq xo’jaligining ajiralmas qismidir chunki qishloq xo’jaligi yerlaridan qariyb 90 %ini donli ekinlar tashkil qiladi. Shu bois, donli ekinlarni turli xil zararkunandalardan himoya qilish va xalqqa tayyor ozuqa tariqasida yetkazib berish muhim masaladir. Shu sababli, qishloq xo’jaligida donli ekinlarning hosildorligini oshirish va zararkunandalarga qarshi kurashish uchun biostimulyatorlardan keng foydalaniladi. Biostimulyatorlardan foydalanish qishloq xo'jaligi o'simliklarining hosildorligi va barqarorligini oshirish usullaridan biridir. Shu bois ushbu maqolaning asosiy vazifasi – Qoraqalpog’iston respublikasining qishloq xo’jaligida biostimulyatorlardan foydalanib, yuqori hosildorli donli ekinlar yetishtirish va biostimulyatorlarning donli ekinlarning ozuqaviy sifatiga ta’sirini aniqlashdan iboratdir. Tadqiqot natijasiga ko’ra, Qoraqalpog’iston respublikasida biostimulyatorlarni donli ekinlarga qo’llash orqali samarali natijaga erishildi va biostimulyatorlarning donli ekinlarning ozuqaviy sifatiga nojuya ta’siri sezilmadi.

Studying the history of professional unions helps to understand the role of the human factor in the development of society better. During the totalitarian era, professional union organizations, which were national institutions built into the system of governance, became more and more widespread. That is why today the study and generalization of the activity of professional unions during the independence of the republic of Uzbekistan arouses great political and scientific interest. Studying it allows professional associations to objectively assess the conditions of activity, identify the causes of defects, learn from the past and develop it in modern conditions. As a result, the main goal of the article is to study the history of the Council of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, a professional union of the Republic of Uzbekistan during the period of independence  

The analysis of the vital aspects of plants is described in the article. The analysis of vital signs of the vegetation cover of CHust-Pop hills was carried out according to the system of S. Raunkiaer. As a result of the research conducted in Khud, it was found that 435 species belonging to 56 families and 272 genera are distributed. The composition of the flora is based on plants with a hemicryptophyte life form. In addition, 28 species of Hamephyte, 18 species of Phanerophyte, and 13 species of Cryptophyte were found.

The Republic of Uzbekistan is located in the central part of the Eurasian continent between 37 and 45°N, 56 and 73°E. Its total area is 447.7 thousand km2, of which 78.8% are plains and 21.2% are mountains and foothills. The territory belongs to the arid zone of Central Asia. Almost four-fifths of the country's territory are located within vast semi-deserts and deserts, bordered from the southeast and east by powerful mountain systems.

The paper presents the results of studying the acute toxicity and specific activity of the aqueous infusion of the camel thorn plant. The study was carried out on healthy white mice, quarantined, weighing 19-21 g, mixed gender. The data were statistically processed using the STATISTIKA program for Windows 95. The results obtained showed that the infusion does not have a toxic effect and has a diuretic effect.

In the article, a new feed cylinder design is developed and recommended, which combines the properties of several types of fiber rovings with the shape, configuration, type, design and other parameters of the feed cylinder.

It is known that today, interest in medicinal products derived from plant materials is growing worldwide, as they are close to the human body, which effectively assimilates natural substances.

In today's pharmaceutical market, the types of drugs from plant raw materials are listed in a very large assortment. Currently, the capsule is a widely developed and promising form of Medicine in the world, and in our Republic, too, pay attention to this. Especially dry extracts are hygroscopic and can absorb moisture in the air and undergo many changes during storage. And the capsule protects the drug from not only moisture, but also from sunlight and other external environmental influences, provides stability, and is also aesthetically beautiful, easy to receive and all technological processes mexanizasicized and automated. Taking these into account, hind Jensen found that it is necessary to create a type of capsule drug intended for drinking on the basis of dry extract [1,3,4].

This study presents the results of an acute toxicity assessment of the product “Sila Kremniya Nanokremniy”, based on silicon nanoparticles supplemented with microelements. The research was conducted on laboratory mice and rats under standard conditions. The findings revealed that the tested compound did not produce any signs of acute toxicity even at high doses (up to 5000 mg/kg), indicating its safety for further pharmacological research.

The focus of the essay is on the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a state since it proclaimed its sovereignty. It should be noted that the foundation of national statehood was established in a historically brief amount of time. The fundamental principles of this statehood are established by the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which unambiguously enshrines the most crucial tenets of social and political organization. On the basis of this legal framework, the nation has undergone a significant administrative reform. State and economic management institutions have also undergone modernization and renewal, while municipal governments have undergone restructuring. In Uzbekistan, a number of regulatory legal acts have been adopted in response to the difficulties with the running of the public service system and approaches to fix them.

Derivatives of oxadiazole or furadiazole rings are known to be a significant family of heterocyclic compounds.  Oxadiazole is a five-membered heterocyclic ring with two carbons, one oxygen atom, two nitrogen atoms, and two double bonds.  They are made from furan by substituting two nitrogen (-N =) atoms for two methylene groups (= CH).  By substituting these groups in the furan ring, the aromaticity was decreased to the point where conjugated diene character is evident.  There were four distinct oxadiazole isomers that were known to exist: 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole. 1,3,4-thiadiazole's chemistry is one of the most intriguing scaffolds for creating novel therapeutic compounds because of its many pharmacological properties.  Numerous changes have been made to the thiadiazole ring, which has demonstrated that it is more powerful and highly useful for a variety of biological functions with a less hazardous structure.  Numerous medications on the market have a 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring in their composition. 

Данная научная статья посвящена исследованию законодательного регулирования процессуальных прав гарантий лиц, пользующихся иммунитетом при задержании в Республике Узбекистан. В работе анализируются нормы узбекского законодательства, касающиеся прав и обязанностей лиц, обладающих иммунитетом в процессе задержания, их защиты от неправомерных действий правоохранительных органов. Особое внимание уделяется механизмам обеспечения соблюдения процессуальных прав и гарантий лиц с иммунитетом, а также проблемам и перспективам развития данной сферы в контексте современных вызовов и требований правового государства. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для совершенствования законодательства и практики применения процессуальных норм в отношении лиц с иммунитетом в Узбекистане.

In order to substantiate the composition and technology of solid dosage forms, the physicochemical and technological properties of dry extract of common ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer), which has an adaptogenic, tonic, restorative and stimulating effect, were studied. The preparations of this plant stimulate sexual functions, actively influence the central nervous system, increase performance, reduce physical and mental fatigue, and improve appetite. As a result of experimental studies, the feasibility of introducing a complex of excipients into the solid dosage form and using the preliminary wet granulation method was determined.

Mehnat muhofazasi ish jarayonida insonnning mehnat qobiliyatini, sog‘lig‘i va xavfsizligini ta’minlash uchun yo‘naltirilgan qonunlar majmuasi, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy, tashkiliy, texnik, gigienik, profilaktik tadbirlarni o‘z ichiga qamrab olar ekan, demak barcha jabhalarda fuqarolarning mehnat qilish sharoiti talab darajasida yaratilishi lozim. Ushbu maqolada shu masalalarning hal etilishi hamda rivojlangan davlatlardagi ko`rinishi muhokama etiladi.