In this article, an accomplished literary critic, navviist, mystic, translator and translation scholar, doctor of philological sciences, professor Najmiddin Komilov, famous representatives of Eastern Sufi literature, Farididdin Attar's "Mantiq ut-tayr", "Ilohiynoma", Husain Vaiz Koshifi's "Futuvvatnomai - Sultani", Sultan Valad's "Maarif", Aziziddin Nasafi's "Zubdat ul-Haqayiq" and Sayyid Muhammad Khatami's "From the History of Islamic Thought" translated from Persian into Uzbek by skillful translation, in general, scientific study and assessment of the scientist's translation activities, and the scientist's current problems of translation studies. His views on research are analyzed. The above-mentioned translator Najmiddin Komilov's works, translated from Persian to Uzbek, have a fluent language and a simple style, and the reader will have no difficulty in reading the translated work. In the article, the translator's "Translation skills of Muhammad Reza Ogahi" (candidacy thesis), "Khorazm school of translation (problems of typological and comparative research of the translation history of the 19th century)" (doctoral thesis), "This is an ancient art", "Caravans of thought" and the co-authored scientific research "Bridges of Friendship" and "Translator's Skills" were analyzed, about 20 literary translations from Persian by the famous poet, historian and translator M.R. Ogahi, Ogahi's translation skills, which stand in a high position in Uzbek translation studies The emergence, formation and development of Khorezm translation school, prominent representatives of Khorezm translation school. artistic translation and its poetic and prose forms, complex aspects and requirements of poetic translation, the importance of translation in studying the work of Hafiz and Goethe and other thinker poets of classical Eastern and Western literature, in general, N. Komilov's Uzbek translation studies Scientific opinions and views on current problems were studied. While referring to the history of Uzbek translation studies, translator Najmiddin Komilov provides information about the translation work of Abu Rayhan Beruni, a great encyclopedist, a representative of Eastern Renaissance culture, who made a great contribution to the development of the Khorezm translation school. According to the translator, A. Beruni knew several languages ​​such as Arabic (Syriac), Greek, Indian (Sanskrit), Jewish (Hebrew), Persian and Turkish and was recognized as a skilled translator and a clever translator of his time. The studies of the hard-working scientist on the development of Uzbek translation studies are distinguished by their richness in literary-aesthetic, philosophical-logical thinking. In the conditions of today's globalization, translation and translation studies have an important role in the development of science in Uzbekistan, since translations lead humanity to progress and raise world civilization.

This article provides a comprehensive assessment of machine translation compared to human translation, with a focus on their precision and effectiveness. It investigates the development of translation techniques from initial rule-based systems and statistical machine translation to contemporary neural network models, analyzing how each approach addresses linguistic challenges. The study evaluates machine translation in terms of its speed and scalability, particularly drawing attention to recent improvements in neural machine translation that have enhanced fluency and contextual understanding. Nevertheless, it also points out shortcomings, such as challenges with idiomatic phrases, cultural subtleties, and context-specific details. On the other hand, human translation is demonstrated to thrive in interpreting intricate contexts and maintaining the original tone and intent, even though it tends to be slower and less consistent. Through a combination of quantitative error assessment and qualitative case studies, this article recommends a blended approach that combines the efficiency of machine translation with the depth of human interpretation, offering actionable suggestions for merging both methods in professional and academic environments.

Nowadays the use of IT technologies in translation has become more widespread and has significantly transformed the field of language translation. This article explores the various ways in which IT technologies, such as machine translation, computer-assisted translation tools, and translation memory systems, are being used to enhance the translation process and improve the quality of translations. It also emphasizes the importance of human expertise in translation and advocates for a collaborative approach, where IT technologies are used as tools to assist and enhance the work of human translators, rather than replacing them entirely. Ultimately, this article aims to provide an overview of the current status of IT technologies in translation and offer insights into their future potential and impact on this field.

Translation studies` has gradually evolved into an independent field, and translation criticism plays a significant role within this field. In other words, developing a comprehensive theoretical framework for translation studies is closely tied to the examination of translation criticism. This scientific article aims to explore the different ways in which translation criticism influences the field of translation studies. It begins with the definition of translation criticism, then continues with analyzes of its steps, functions, principles, and further developments. In this article the various translation criticism approaches, and their suitability issues are also examined.

This article explores the methodologies employed in the translation of literary works and examines the challenges translators face when adapting texts for new audiences. The study investigates various translation techniques, including equivalence, adaptation, literal translation, and contextual translation. Findings reveal that while these methods serve unique functions, they also present difficulties in preserving cultural nuances, maintaining literary style, translating figurative language, and balancing fidelity with readability. The discussion highlights strategies for overcoming these challenges, providing insights into effective literary translation practices.

Translation is a complex process that involves the transfer of meaning from one language to another. Translation theory has evolved over the years, exploring various approaches and models to understand the challenges and critical issues in translation. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of translation theory specifically focused on the German language. It examines the different theories and methodologies used in translation and highlights the critical problems faced by translators in rendering the German language into other languages. The article also discusses the impact of culture, context, and linguistic challenges on German translation, as well as the role of technology in addressing these issues. By addressing these critical problems, this study aims to contribute to the improvement of translation practices in the German language.

Despite the centuries-old history of the translation process and the ongoing study of its various aspects, many problems have not yet received a clear and definitive solution. The problem of assessing the quality of translation falls into this category. The question of how exactly it is necessary to translate in order to bring the translation into line with the original has become relevant with the advent of written translations and has not yet found its solution. This article discusses the concept of adequacy, as well as the tasks and issues of applying this concept in literary translation. In addition, the article discusses the use of units associated with the process of translating works of art from one language to another using the method of adequate translation.

In  the age of technology, many people prefer  using   machines to translate various  types of texts. Even  person who  knows  English very well also tend to  use these type of machines. Because these kinds  of devices are  user-friendly, fast and accessible.  Moreover, it takes time just a few minutes. But It might not be always perfect and lead some translation errors.   This article  shows  the advantages  and disadvantages  of human translation and machine translation.

The article "Translation in Action: Enhancing Multilingual Communication in Everyday Life" investigates the dynamic role of translation as a practical tool for navigating daily interactions in multilingual environments. It emphasizes that translation is not limited to literary or official contexts, but is deeply embedded in routine situations—such as public transportation signage, healthcare consultations, digital content, education, and customer service. The article explores how translation enables individuals from diverse linguistic backgrounds to access essential services and information, thereby promoting inclusivity, clarity, and social cohesion. It further analyzes the evolving integration of machine translation tools and mobile apps in everyday settings and evaluates their benefits and limitations.

The article presents analysis results of translation of medication package inserts from English and German to Russian and Uzbek languages. Data about the frequency of use of the translation techniques that correspond to lexical and grammatical transformations in translated units of any text genre is given. The most frequently used translation techniques are identified: selection of equivalent lexical forms, combination of different techniques, calque translation, and explicatory translation.

From this paper work I write what is the simultaneous translation and where can we use translation is an activity that consists in variative re-expression, re-coding of a text generated in one language into a text in another language, carried out by a translator who creatively chooses an option depending on the variable resources of the language, the type of translation, the tasks of translation, the type of text and under the influence of one's own personality; translation is also the result of this activity,

The article analyzes the importance of simultaneous translation among all types of interpretation. To do this, various aspects of this type of interpretation are considered, the characteristics of a simultaneous interpreter are assessed, and attention is also paid to possible difficulties that arise in the process of simultaneous interpreting.

In this article, we will talk about the skills of artistic translation and several successful methods used in the direction of translation. Undoubtedly, the need to translate Uzbek literature, including poetry into Russian, arose for certain historical and social reasons, and Alexander Faynberg was one of the leaders in this field. The wider the range of topics studied in Uzbek literature and its translation, the wider the scope of unexplored topics. During the reading of the article, from the point of view of translation, it is possible to know that the recreation of poetic art in the artistic translation is not only one of the necessary conditions for giving the national originality reflected in the work, but also the preservation of the artistic juice of the original, the difference in terms of achieving emotional poetic translation has been analyzed and interpreted for centuries by philologists, poets, poetic scientists, specially engaged in the issues of poetic translation, and examples of the work of these poets are presented.

The article presents analysis results of translation of medication package inserts from English and German to Russian and Uzbek languages. Data about the frequency of use of the translation techniques that correspond to lexical and grammatical transformations in translated units of any text genre is given. The most frequently used translation techniques are identified: selection of equivalent lexical forms, combination of different techniques, calque translation, and explicatory translation.

The article presents analysis results of translation of medication package inserts from English and German to Russian and Uzbek languages. Data about the frequency of use of the translation techniques that correspond to lexical and grammatical transformations in translated units of any text genre is given. The most frequently used translation techniques are identified: selection of equivalent lexical forms, combination of different techniques, calque translation, and explicatory translation.

This article is dedicated to introducing the theory of intertextuality as a paradigm for viewing texts and their interrelationships, the impact of this theory on translation theory and practice, and ways scholars and translators propose for approaching intertexts in translation. In translation studies, scholarly research focusses on two aspects when addressing the concept of intertextuality: translation as intertextuality and translation of intertextuality.

This article delves into the art of translating texts with rich cultural significance, particularly when dealing with literature, religious scriptures, and cultural artifacts. It examines the relationship between language and culture, explaining how words are not just vehicles for meaning but also reflect the underlying values of the cultures they come from. Using examples from English and Uzbek, it discusses the challenge of translating culturally specific terms, such as the concept of time ("vaqt") and expressions of resilience, while maintaining their emotional and philosophical depth. The article also covers important translation strategies such as localization, dynamic equivalence, and formal equivalence, with a focus on preserving the cultural essence of the original text. By offering practical examples, it provides readers with a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in translating culturally significant works.

Visual memorization methods effectively increase the amount of RAM.  Psychologists say that the use of mechanical memory is the most ineffective way to remember information, in contrast to logical and figurative methods of memorization. Semantic grouping is the selection of strong points that facilitate memorization. Based on the work of psychologists, translators and methodologists who have studied the problems of oral translation to some extent, we come to the conclusion that two aspects are especially important in oral translation - oral form and interaction. An interpreter translates an oral conversation or discussion into various communicative situations, where messages are exchanged between people through the interpreter.

This article is devoted to usage of stylistics in translation process. Modern translation activity is associated with original texts of different styles. It is not at all easy to convey the author’s feelings, state, and experiences during translation. For this, it is not enough to have a large vocabulary, although this plays an important role. It is important to be able to recognize expression in the translated text. The translator sometimes deliberately resorts to the use of stylistic devices to give greater expressiveness and sensuality to the created text.

Culture is inextricably bound to translation. Transferring culture from a source text (ST) to a target text (TT) is a fundamental aspect of the phenomenon of translation. Translators are entrusted with the task of bridging cultural differences and enabling TT receptors to understand the original message in its entirety, just like its ST receptors. Taking into consideration the wide array of culture-specific terms presents in each language, it only follows logically that, sometimes, these terms can be notoriously difficult to translate. However, many translation theorists purport that difficult though it is to handle culture-specific terms in translation, it is not entirely impossible. In that respect, they classify the culture-specific terms in various domains and propose numerous translation strategies for rendering culture-specific terms (e.g. borrowing, adaptation, explanation, generalization, reduction, etc.), their general tendency being either towards ‘domesticating’ or ‘foreignizing’ the translated text as a whole.

This thesis explores the teaching of translation techniques tailored to various translation contexts, including literary, technical, audiovisual, journalistic, legal, and medical domains. The study examines how context-specific requirements shape the selection and application of translation techniques. It also proposes pedagogical strategies for effectively training translation students to recognize and implement appropriate techniques depending on contextual demands. A combination of theoretical review, practical task design, and classroom application is provided to bridge the gap between translation theory and practice in teaching environments.

This article is devoted to the problem of translating literary text. The article analyzes the features of translating literary texts, ans also it demonstrates  ways of solving  linguistic problems and types of translating problems which occurs in the process of translating from English to Uzbek.

The article presents analysis results of translation of medication package inserts from English and German to Russian and Uzbek languages. Data about the frequency of use of the translation techniques that correspond to lexical and grammatical transformations in translated units of any text genre is given. The most frequently used translation techniques are identified: selection of equivalent lexical forms, combination of different techniques, calque translation, and explicatory translation.

This article discusses in detail the difficulties and problems that arise in literary translation. The study focuses on the translation of lacunae and realities that pose difficulties for the translator and require strong knowledge.

This article provides information about the process of simultaneous interpretation in the 21st century. Despite the fact that simultaneous translation is one of the youngest types of translation, it is widely used worldwide. In order for simultaneous translation to be successful, it is necessary to study the material in sufficient detail in advance and all available information that can be used in the speaker’s speech; improvisation in the process of simultaneous translation should be minimal, taking into account the fact that during simultaneous translation the interpreter has practically no time to thinking about what was said, and there is no opportunity to clarify or repeat the information heard. This is the main difference between simultaneous and consecutive translation.