A land cadastre is the authoritative register of property parcels, documenting their geometry, ownership, value and use. Because jurisdictions pursue divergent fiscal, legal and planning goals, numerous cadastre types have emerged—legal (juridical), fiscal, multipurpose, marine, urban 3-D, and crowdsourced community cadastres among them. This paper reviews the historical evolution and design principles of these types, analyses the factors that drive their adoption, and presents a comparative synthesis drawn from 24 national case studies. Two original tables summarise (i) the defining characteristics, core data layers and governance institutions of each cadastre type, and (ii) the implementation status of those types across selected countries..

The article outlines the importance of rural settlements, in particular the role of land fund in the national economy. Agricultural production, livestock production and their low profitability, its causes, nutritional deficiencies and ways to address these problems. The heads of dehkan farms in different regions have analyzed the results of surveys, expenditures for the production of agricultural produce and the organization of production, and the average production volume on the land plots. The perspectives of perspectives
development of land use in peasant farms/And the perspectives of GIS application in managing the use of land and peasant farms are highlighted.

The article outlines the importance of rural settlements, in particular the role of land fund in the national economy. Agricultural production, livestock production and their low profitability, its causes, nutritional deficiencies and ways to address these problems. The heads of dehkan farms in different regions have analyzed the results of surveys, expenditures for the production of agricultural produce and the organization of production, and the average production volume on the land plots. The perspectives of perspectives
development of land use in peasant farms/And the perspectives of GIS application in managing the use of land and peasant farms are highlighted

Land is a natural resource that is used in all spheres of human activity as a spatial basis, and in agriculture and forestry, it also serves as the main means of production. Like all other resources, it is a limited nature. Therefore, the article focuses on the disclosure of the content of the concept and types of reclamation for the reproduction of land suitable for use.

Donli ekinlar qishloq xo’jaligining ajiralmas qismidir chunki qishloq xo’jaligi yerlaridan qariyb 90 %ini donli ekinlar tashkil qiladi. Shu bois, donli ekinlarni turli xil zararkunandalardan himoya qilish va xalqqa tayyor ozuqa tariqasida yetkazib berish muhim masaladir. Shu sababli, qishloq xo’jaligida donli ekinlarning hosildorligini oshirish va zararkunandalarga qarshi kurashish uchun biostimulyatorlardan keng foydalaniladi. Biostimulyatorlardan foydalanish qishloq xo'jaligi o'simliklarining hosildorligi va barqarorligini oshirish usullaridan biridir. Shu bois ushbu maqolaning asosiy vazifasi – Qoraqalpog’iston respublikasining qishloq xo’jaligida biostimulyatorlardan foydalanib, yuqori hosildorli donli ekinlar yetishtirish va biostimulyatorlarning donli ekinlarning ozuqaviy sifatiga ta’sirini aniqlashdan iboratdir. Tadqiqot natijasiga ko’ra, Qoraqalpog’iston respublikasida biostimulyatorlarni donli ekinlarga qo’llash orqali samarali natijaga erishildi va biostimulyatorlarning donli ekinlarning ozuqaviy sifatiga nojuya ta’siri sezilmadi.