Universal Index Library of Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

Varicose veins of the lower extremities (VVLD) is an expansion of the superficial veins of the lower extremities. Varicose veins are observed in a large number of people around the world. Varicose veins in women usually appear at the beginning of pregnancy, at the moment when hormonal changes occur. The rather high morbidity of traditional operations for varicose veins, a long period of postoperative disability, determine the medical and social significance of this problem.

Changes in trimethylamine-N-oxide in relation to age and gender differences were determined in patients with ischemic heart disease.

A comprehensive dental health survey of the students of Samarkand was conducted. The research was carried out between higher educational institutions. Total number of 574 students. The following higher education institutions participated: (Samarkand Medical Institute (SamMI) and Samarkand State University (SamGU)) among which there were 193 1st year students, 175 2nd year students, and 206 3rd year students respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was found to be 91.87±1.30%. The intensity of dental caries was 5.31±0.14 teeth at 8.34±0.26 surface, the signs of periodontal tissue diseases with an intensity of 3.88±0.06 segment were revealed. At 53,05±2,37% of students recorded dental anomalies and deformations.

First of all, we are comparing the 2 methods used for separating melanin, we consider the 2nd method to be optimal. Because of this, 2 methods require less reagents and equipment than 1 method, and the time required for melanin separation is much shorter. In addition, it was noted that the sensitivity of the detection of melanin formation in the 2nd method is slightly higher than that of the 1st method. In both methods, it was determined that A4-13 and C17-1 strains synthesize the most melanin.

Due to continuous scientific research, the list of plants that have a beneficial effect on liver function is constantly growing. Hepatoprotectors include various herbal preparations that have a therapeutic effect on liver diseases. Hepatoprotectors help to restore the structure and function of the liver, and also stop the destruction of the organ at the cellular level or slow down in severe cases. comparing the unique hepatoprotective effect of the tincture of the safflower plant showed that it has a hepatoprotective effect.

The article presents the results of assessing physical performance using the “treadmill running” method in rats that received L-carnitine and morpholinium-methyl-triazolyl-thioacetate for 14 days. On the 7th and 14th days of the study, changes in biochemical blood parameters were examined after exercise.

The clinical case of mechanical jaundice caused by liver fluke is one of the rare occurrences among surgical disorders of the biliary tract leading to mechanical jaundice. Surgical disorders of the biliary tract accounted for 0.37% of all patients presenting with mechanical jaundice at the "Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after Academician V. Vakhidov" in 2023. The main reason why this condition is difficult to diagnose is that the disease progresses with episodes and remissions, and the likelihood of detection during examinations such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is very low. In surgical diseases, fecal analysis becomes less significant. This is because in surgical practice, encounters with patients with this condition are rare.

The article presents the literature review on frequency, etiology, pathogenesis and surgical tactics for postoperative ventral hernias. Up-to-date international classification of postoperative ventral hernias, endoprosthesis, classical surgeries, and postoperative complications, reasons of unsatisfactory results are given here.

The immunological changes observed in RA provide crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms of disease development and progression. Autoantibodies, such as antibodies to rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), play a key role in the pathogenesis of RA, contributing to inflammation and joint damage. Dysregulation of T cells, especially pro-inflammatory subpopulations, further contributes to the abnormal immune response seen in RA.

A study was conducted on 200 patients aged between 34 to 79 years with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to analyze medical and social factors using a questionnaire. The average age of patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 54.2 ± 0.77 years, with men averaging 55.4 ± 1.08 years and women 52.5 ± 1.31 years. Of the total patients, 122 (61.0 ± 4.4%) were male and 78 (39.0 ± 5.5%) were female. Only 10.7% of COPD patients were under the care of a pulmonologist. During their illness, 57.1% of patients did not receive fundamental anti-inflammatory therapy. Approximately 43.6% of COPD patients resided in households with over 5 members, and a similar percentage, 43.5%, were employed.Patients living independently demonstrated a higher proportion, with only 25.7% rating their living conditions as satisfactory. It was discovered that 51.4% of individuals with COPD were current smokers, with an average smoking history of 28.2 ± 0.98 years.

This article conducts a comprehensive management survey focused on evaluating the internal strengths and weaknesses of treatment and prevention facilities. In the field of healthcare, the ability to deliver effective treatment and prevention services is paramount, making internal analysis a critical component of organizational success. Through a systematic examination of healthcare processes, resources, and capabilities, this survey aims to identify key strengths that enhance patient care and prevention efforts, as well as weaknesses that require strategic attention and improvement. By employing various analytical tools and methodologies, this article provides a structured approach to internal assessment, empowering treatment and prevention facilities to enhance their healthcare delivery and community impact.

The literature review presents data on the impact of the “post-Covid syndrome” on the gastrointestinal tract, describes the main gastrointestinal complaints during the long-Covid period and the most common gastroenterological symptoms in the post-Covid period. The results of the study of risk factors are presented development of disorders of the digestive system in patients who have undergone coronavirus infection. Recommendations for inclusion are given probiotic preparations in long-term treatment regimens coronavirus syndrome.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, affecting millions of individuals each year. While primarily known as a respiratory disease, TB can also impact the central nervous system (CNS), leading to serious neurological complications. This article provides an overview of the damage caused by TB to the CNS, encompassing various manifestations such as tuberculous meningitis, tuberculoma, and spinal TB. Through a review of current literature, the mechanisms of CNS involvement in TB, diagnostic modalities, and treatment strategies are discussed. Understanding the neurological consequences of TB is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity associated with this devastating disease.

This article describes the prevalence of diabetes, the epidemic scale of the diabetic foot syndrome, the significant increase in the number of patients, the increase in the life expectancy of patients with diabetes due to the creation of effective means and methods of treatment, the increase in the number of late complications of the disease, the problems of disability of patients, optimal methods of treatment.

Mitral valve surgery is a complex procedure often performed to correct various cardiac conditions. This article provides an overview of the postoperative state following mitral valve surgery, focusing on the immediate recovery period, potential complications, and long-term outcomes. Following the IMRAD structure (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion), the aim of this article is to elucidate critical aspects of postoperative care and management in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery.

An integrated day care medical center is a healthcare facility that provides a wide range of medical services and procedures to patients who do not require hospital treatment. At the day care center, patients can receive specialist consultations, undergo diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, as well as rehabilitation measures. The main feature of such centers is an integrated approach to treatment, which includes not only drug treatment, but also physiotherapy, psychotherapy, rehabilitation and other types of assistance. This allows us to provide patients with more effective and individualized treatment, improve their quality of life and speed up the recovery process.

Considerable evidence suggests that endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) is primarily expressed in endocrine glands and certain endocrine-dependent organs. Numerous studies indicate that EG-VEGF promotes angiogenesis and cell proliferation, despite its classification outside the VEGF family. While ample data exist regarding the involvement of this growth factor in normal developmental processes, conflicting findings have emerged regarding its role in pathological conditions, particularly malignant tumors. Therefore, our current paper aims to explore the function of EG-VEGF in both normal tissues and various malignant tumors, shedding light on its impact on angiogenic processes.

To develop a parapharmaceutical agent of the Mavstat dental gel, a liquid extract obtained from a collection containing bird's knotweed, pepper knotweed and dioecious nettle was used, proposed by scientists of the Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Ph.D., Associate Professor A.N. Yunuskhodzhaeva et al. as a hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent [1].

The morphofunctional state of the endometrium determines the probability of pregnancy, its successful course, and successful completion. One of the important causes of decreased fertility (infertility and abortion) is insufficient endometrial function, which is caused by both ovarian dysfunction and changes in the structure of the endometrium, often caused by inflammation. In this article, the problem of thin endometrium is considered according to the analysis of the last 5 years of data.

Currently, in the structure of population mortality, 57% are diseases of the cardiovascular system, of which 49.3% are due to coronary heart disease. The study of coronary heart disease, particularly unstable angina (UA), its complications, and the effectiveness of treatment dictates the need to study risk factors. The purpose of the work is to study the immediate outcomes of unstable angina in women and men with metabolic syndrome. 30 patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome were examined in 2023. Based on the data obtained, we can conclude that metabolic syndrome develops earlier in women, resulting in changes in the functioning of the cardiovascular system also appear earlier. Despite this, laboratory indicators indicate that, despite gender differences, there is a tendency to worsen the lipid spectrum and glycemic parameters in patients with unstable angina due to MS.

We examined 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) aged 60-73 years (on average 69.5±2.2 years, group I) and 40 patients aged 16-59 years (on average 34.2±3.2 years, II group). Compared with younger patients, patients over 60 years of age were more likely to have a high degree of disease activity, a more severe course of the articular syndrome, signs of stage III-IV X-ray and a significant deterioration in the functional state of patients. Group I was characterized by a more acute onset of the disease, frequent damage to large joints, the development of a pronounced exudative component such as asymmetric oligoarthritis, and comorbidity. In this group, neurotic symptoms were detected 1.4 times more often, and the content of TSH, triiodothyronine, ACTH and cortisol was significantly lower than in patients of the second group (P<0.05 and P<0.02). In RA, the level of thyroxine did not always correlate with age and did not correspond to the level of TSH and triiodothyronine.

This article examinesdensity of terrestrial mollusks by biotopes and by river basins, malacocomplexes of various biotopes of the southern slopes of the Akhanaran basin, 15 biotopes were studied and 35 species of terrestrial mollusks were recorded.

The order of sowing the seeds of perennial herb Echinacea purpurea L. belonging to the family Asteratceae in open fields in Mirzachul region of Uzbekistan, seed germination, plant growth and information on developmental biology, flowering biology and seed yield, plant irrigation and cultivation, yield harvesting rules.

The study was conducted at the Department of Allergology and Pulmonology of the Samarkand Medical Center in 49 families of patients with bronchial asthma. The polymerase chain reaction method was used to study the identification of 27 nucleotide pairs repeated 4/5 times in intron 4 (4b, 4a) of the eNOS3 gene in 193 individuals included in the study.

In modern conditions, the competitiveness of drugs is determined not only by the direction of their action, relevance, but also by the level of quality, quality-price ratio. In creating conditions for the production of competitive solid dosage forms, in particular tablets, a scientifically based selection of high-quality excipients is essential. In the development and improvement of the production of modern solid dosage forms, the leading role is played by high-molecular compounds, which make it possible to create drugs with predictable biopharmaceutical and technological parameters. In domestic pharmaceutical production, a new generation of high-molecular auxiliary substances produced by foreign companies is increasingly being introduced.

The purpose of the conducted experiment was to study the anti-inflammatory activity of the medicine called "Anzibel®Flu", prepared on the basis of a combination of flurbiprofen, enoxolone and chlorhexidine. Experimental studies were carried out in adult white male rats with an initial weight of 160-180 g. The antiexudative effect of the medicine was studied in a model of acute inflammatory edema in the paws of animals, inflammation was induced by subplantar injection of a 6% dextran solution (0.1 ml per animal) into the right hind paw. It was found that edema in the group treated with the studied medicine decreased by 24.6% in the first hour, by 44.1% after 2 hours, and by 45.3% after 3 hours, compared to the control group. In this group, the anti-inflammatory activity value was 19.9-46.1%, respectively.

This article considers acute herpetic stomatitis in children as the most common disease of viral etiology. The article focuses on the need to use laser therapy at the same time as local treatment as one of the main tasks of preventing complications of acute herpetic stomatitis. The article recommends an integrated approach, which includes local treatment with antiseptic agents and laser treatment with red gel-neon. Red gel-neon laser treatment reduced the treatment time for acute herpetic stomatitis, as well as reduced severe forms of the disease in a short time and restored normal immunity in children in a short time.

The methods of nitric acid processing of phosphate raw materials are analyzed. A technology has been developed for the nitric acid processing of phosphate raw materials into nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer with the implementation of the process in a condensed pulp by adding sulfuric acid. A technology for producing complex fertilizers with a wide range of N:P₂O₅:K₂O ratios with improved physico-chemical parameters due to the introduction of various potassium salts into the process is proposed.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of glomerulonephritis in the world. Most patients are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, and loss of CFT occurs slowly, if at all. Thus, the main focus of therapy is optimized supportive care, that is, measures that lower blood pressure, reduce proteinuria, minimize lifestyle risk factors, and otherwise help reduce nonspecific kidney damage. The value of immunosuppression remains controversial and, if it exists at all, high-dose systemic corticosteroid therapy over several months should be considered, taking into account patient characteristics that may justify or preclude such therapy. In addition, side effects associated with corticosteroid therapy increase significantly as GFR decreases. With the exception of corticosteroids, there is little evidence that any additional immunosuppression other than mycophenolate mofetil is beneficial in Asian patients. Many clinical trials are ongoing, ranging from enteric-coated budesonide to B-cell blockade and complement inhibitors, and in the future we hope that this will allow for more targeted treatment of patients at high risk of progression to IgAN.

Ultrasound (US) is an excellent cost-effective method for imaging peripheral nerves. Using new high-frequency transducers with different coverage areas that provide high-resolution images in a relatively superficial location, ultrasound can detect and evaluate traumatic, inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and compressive pathologies of peripheral nerves. This article describes a technique for assessing peripheral nerves using ultrasound in normal conditions and in certain pathologies.

Surgical preparation is a critical component of prosthetic interventions in the oral cavity, with vestibuloplasty emerging as a key procedure to optimize outcomes. Vestibuloplasty aims to create or deepen the vestibule, enhancing the fit, stability, and retention of prosthetic appliances such as dentures or implants. This article explores the significance of surgical preparation, focusing on vestibuloplasty techniques, indications, and postoperative care. Understanding these aspects is essential for dental professionals to achieve successful prosthetic rehabilitation and improve patient outcomes.

This article explores the critical topic of physiological assessment to determine the daily water requirements of adolescents. Adequate hydration is fundamental to maintaining health and well-being, and adolescents are a unique demographic with unique hydration needs. By examining physiological markers including fluid balance, body composition, and activity level, this study elucidates the factors influencing daily water intake in adolescents. By comprehensively understanding the physiological aspects of hydration in this age group, health care providers and educators can promote optimal hydration practices among adolescents, promoting their overall health and performance.

The influence of climate on the spread of no communicable diseases (NCDs) is a growing concern in public health research. Climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation and humidity can directly or indirectly influence the incidence and prevalence of various NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and some types of cancer. Understanding the complex relationship between climate dynamics and the nature of NCDs is essential for developing effective prevention strategies and mitigating the global health burden of these diseases. This article reviews current evidence on the influence of climate on the prevalence of NCDs and discusses potential mechanisms underlying these associations, highlighting the importance of climate change adaptation and resilience in public health policy and practice.

To determine the relationship of hyperplastic processes with premenopausal age and their manifestations in abnormal uterine bleeding. The study was conducted on 50 premenopausal patients with a history of hyperplastic processes who were treated in the gynecological department of the first multidisciplinary clinic of Samarkand State Medical University during 2021-2022. The study used general clinical, laboratory, instrumental, and statistical research methods. In all examined women, the level of hormones was almost 1.5 times lower than in healthy women of the same age. All women were treated with antihemorrhagic and anti-anemic treatments. Hyperplasia of the endometrial layer of the uterus is expressed by abnormal bleeding in all cases, and step-by-step treatment once again confirms the need for a complete diagnosis. In premenopausal age, we can say that this condition is related to hormonal imbalance.

In the article, the YuSSX method of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the main bioactive substances in its composition was developed to evaluate the quality of the "Ugrinol" solution obtained on the basis of local raw materials, chamomile and aloe. Based on the conducted practical experiments, the mentioned chemical and chromatographic methods were selected as the most optimal method for use in the quality analysis of the solution and are used in the preparation of the regulatory document.

The study was conducted on 41 sick children aged 2 to 14 years (23 boys and 18 girls). All patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with viral hepatitis "A" against the background of ARVI (main group), and patients with viral hepatitis "A" (control group). The degree of endogenous intoxication of the organism was studied according to the level of medium molecular peptides by the method of N.I. Gabrielyan. Revealed a significant increase in the content of medium molecular peptides, which reaches a maximum value during the height of the disease. A more significant increase in the weight of peptides in the blood plasma of patients with viral hepatitis "A" in the presence of ARVI was found. In parallel with the positive dynamics of the disease, there is a significant decrease in the concentration of medium molecular peptides in the blood plasma.

Colloid solutions play a crucial role in medicine, particularly in the treatment of various medical conditions where volume expansion and maintenance of oncotic pressure are essential. This article explores the significance of colloid solutions in medicine, focusing on their composition, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. Additionally, the article discusses the use of cryoscopy in determining the freezing temperature of blood, highlighting its importance in medical diagnostics and research.

Considering the advancement of curative and preventive dentistry, edentulism is still a challenging problem for healthcare providers all over the world. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the main causative factors to teeth loss and eventually, if untreated, lead to edentulism. The socioeconomical factors also contribute to the edentulism as it has an association with education and income status. This literature review will put some highlights in the epidemiology and etiology of edentulism, its prevalence, and the association with the social-economical factors.

This article states that any external physical, chemical and biological effects on a living organism cause changes in the structure, function of the organs of this organism, as a result of which the organism responds within compensatory-adaptive mechanisms by changing clinical-laboratory parameters, including the morphology of the organs. Among the external influences, one of the most common in modern times is consumed waters with a wide variety of compositions, salts, macro and micro elements in excess of water, chemical and biological composition have been shown to negatively affect the organs and systems of the body.

The search for biologically active substances with adaptogenic activity that increase physical endurance, help the body tolerate increased loads and are of plant origin is very relevant at the present time. We studied the influence of plant substances (tribulus grass, rose hips, chamomile flowers) on actoprotective and adaptogenic activity in laboratory animals. During the experiments, the test drug, administered to laboratory animals for 10 days, increases the body's resistance to stress and accelerates recovery processes after physical activity, while not being inferior to the comparison drug.