Universal Index Library of Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

This literature review highlights new trends in the etiopathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Certain pathogenetic aspects of the disease development, such as immunohistochemical markers, proto-oncogenes, and oncogenes, are discussed. Modern methods of screening and diagnosing ovarian cancer are presented. The possibilities of using biomarkers and their combinations for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer are discussed.

Juvenile pregnancy is associated with a high risk of premature birth, which is due to both the biological immaturity of the adolescent's body and socio-economic factors. The article discusses the features of pregnancy and childbirth in young patients, an increased incidence of complications (preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation, anemia), as well as neonatal outcomes, including prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, and increased perinatal mortality. The need for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of juvenile pregnancy is emphasized in order to reduce risks and improve the prognosis for mother and child.

Our work highlights aspects of studying risk factors for bronchial asthma based on our own studies and literary sources.

Our work reflects the causal factors of pneumonia development in children based on our own research and analysis of literary sources.

Industrial workers face many hazards in their work. One of the main factors affecting their health is dust. Dust in industrial enterprises is formed as a result of the use of a wide variety of materials, products and processes. Dust emitted into the air and inhaled by workers can cause many diseases. The scientific article examines the role of dust in the development, treatment and prevention of upper respiratory tract diseases in industrial workers.

The results of our scientific research have shown that in diseases of ascariasis and enterobiasis, pathomorphological changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine and blood vessels occur in the form of inflammatory changes, edema, expansion and infiltration of the walls of the microcirculatory vessels.

Structural and mechanical properties of solids mainly depend on their moisture content. Residual moisture, moisture absorption properties to a certain extent depend on the technological processes used in their production. And this in turn affects the technological indicators of solids. In modern pharmaceutical science and industry, physical and physicochemical research methods for the purposes of objective identification of drugs are becoming increasingly important. Of the physicochemical methods, the most accessible for implementation in pharmaceutical analysis are methods based on radiation absorption. Spectrophotometry allows achieving greater objectivity in the analysis of drugs.

Our work reflects aspects of metabolic disorders in children in the attack period of bronchial asthma based on literary sources.

The article reflects aspects of the prevalence of Down syndrome based on the study of literary sources.

The paper presents the results of a study of the vitamin composition of a dry extract obtained on the basis of various solvents (80% ethanol, butanol) from the leaves of medicinal sage - Salvia officinalis L., cultivated in Uzbekistan. The samples were found to contain vitamins С, В₁, В₂, В₃, В₆, В₉, which play an important role in the body. Among them, the most quantitatively dominant are riboflavin (B₂) and folic acid (B₉), the deficiency of which can cause a deterioration in the general condition of the body, depression, deterioration of the nervous system, as well as dry skin, burning eyes and photosensitivity, anemia, fatigue and irritability. The obtained data will be in demand for the chemical characterization of dry extracts and their subsequent standardization.

Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common type of convulsive disorders in early childhood, occurring in response to hyperthermia without signs of central nervous system infection (Hirtz et al., 2015). According to epidemiological studies, FS occur in 2–5% of children, and recurrent episodes are observed in 30–40% of cases (Sadleir & Scheffer, 2007). Although they are generally benign in nature, there is a risk of progression to epilepsy (Verity et al., 1998). In recent years, interest in non-pharmacological methods for correcting febrile seizures, including bioacoustic correction (BAC), has significantly increased. This method is based on the transformation of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals into sound vibrations, which enables regulatory effects on brain activity (Roshchina et al., 2020). This review discusses current scientific data on the application of BAC in children with FS.

In children with congenital clubfoot, not only the movements of the ankle joint but also the entire musculoskeletal system’s functions are impaired, which can lead to deformities in posture. Therefore, early treatment is crucial to prevent secondary complications of the disease. If the disease persists for a long period, it affects the child’s walking ability, creating discomfort in movements, which in turn negatively impacts their psychoemotional state.

The study of biopharmaceutical properties of antispasmodic tablets is crucial for understanding their effectiveness, bioavailability, and overall therapeutic impact. This research focuses on evaluating the key characteristics of antispasmodic tablets, such as dissolution rate, absorption, pharmacokinetics, and stability. The biopharmaceutical profile helps in determining the appropriate formulation and dosage form to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes for patients suffering from various gastrointestinal disorders. Various tests, including in vitro dissolution tests and in vivo absorption studies, were conducted to assess the release profile and the pharmacodynamic effects of the tablets. Results suggest that the biopharmaceutical properties significantly influence the clinical efficacy of antispasmodic medications, with implications for improving drug design and personalized medicine. Through these evaluations, we seek to provide insights into how different formulations can impact the clinical efficacy of antispasmodic medications, thereby contributing to better drug design and patient care. This study highlights the importance of assessing the biopharmaceutical properties to enhance drug development and patient care.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, associated with restricted interests and stereotyped behavior. It has a high prevalence in the population, neurobiological foundations, and high heritability. Its etiology is heterogeneous, with numerous genetic factors, environmental influences, and epigenetic mechanisms recognized. Advances in molecular genetics, as well as epidemiological studies of large cohorts, have made it possible to identify specific medical conditions, as well as genes and environmental factors partially or fully associated with their pathogenesis. This knowledge, in accordance with clinical characteristics, allows for directing further research, drawing conclusions about clinical prognosis, and focusing on genetic counseling.

Pharmacognostic studies, macro- and microscopic analysis of the raw materials of  Аrctium leospermum L have been carried out. As a result, standardization of whole and ground raw materials was carried out. The results will be included in the temporary pharmacopoeia article /// regulatory technical document.

In this article, dental diseases caused by energy drinks occupy a special place due to their prevalence, complexity of diagnosis and treatment. In scientific sources, studies conducted over the past twenty years indicate that up to 32% of oral diseases are observed as a result of energy drinks, and up to 47.5% of these diseases are accompanied by various syndromes.

Any external physical, chemical and biological impacts on a living organism lead to changes in the structure and function of the organs of this organism. As a result, the organism reacts by changing clinical and laboratory indicators, including the morphology of organs, within the framework of compensatory and adaptive mechanisms. Among external impacts, one of the most common in our time is drinking water of various compositions. It has been proven that excessive amounts of salts, macro- and microelements, the chemical and biological composition of water have a negative impact on the organs and systems of the body.

The sudden death of a child is a tragic event that requires a thorough and comprehensive forensic investigation. The deaths of children, which occurred unexpectedly in apparently healthy children, cause not only deep grief among relatives, but also a lot of questions from the investigating authorities and society as a whole. An integrated approach to the forensic medical assessment of such cases is a prerequisite for establishing the true cause of death, differentiating between natural and violent causes, as well as for accumulating data that will help prevent similar cases in the future.

The hepatobiliary system plays a critical role in the metabolism and functioning of the body. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the study of this system, which opens new horizons for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This article reviews current issues related to metabolic liver diseases, genetic factors, new diagnostic methods and prospects for therapy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of intestinal microbiota, the use of stem cells and immunotherapy in the treatment of diseases. The latest data emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to the study of the hepatobiliary system and open the possibility of developing personalized treatments.

In recent years, due to the growth in the number and variety of drugs and substances useful for the human body, improving the methods of their complete analysis remains one of the urgent tasks. This scientific article presents the results of determining the composition of macro- and microelements and amino acids in the dry extract «HEPAGAL», obtained from a mixture of dry extracts obtained from the seeds of the milk thistle plant and the flowers of the calendula officinalis plant.

изучение особенностей временных показателей вариабельности ритма сердца у больных III и IV стадии хронической болезни почек  с и без сахарного диабета 2 типа, оценить влияние медикаментозной терапии с включением дапаглифлозина  на ее динамику. 

Naturally, in diseases of the oral cavity organs combined with general diseases, it does not matter what, it affects the features of the course, severity, and duration of these pathologies. Therefore, the worsening severity of concomitant pathology requires specific treatment methods for dental diseases. Hence the importance of studying the mutual influence of pathologies.

Chronic pyelonephritis (CP) is an infection of the renal parenchyma that is usually associated with systemic signs of inflammation, since the presence of fever is usually an indicator of renal damage. The kidneys and urinary tract are usually free of germs. Most cases of CP result from passage of fecal-derived organisms through the urethra and periurethral tissues into the bladder with subsequent invasion of the kidney. Normally, urine drainage prevents infection by washing away bacteria that enter the urinary tract.

The literature review describes the etiology, clinical picture, differential diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis and emphasizes the role of doctors in improving care for patients with this disease. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an atopic disease that manifests itself with symptoms of sneezing, nasal congestion, clear rhinorrhea and itching in the nose. It is an IgE-mediated immune response that is directed against inhaled antigens in the immediate phase, followed by a leukotriene-mediated late phase.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) of the lungs is a serious medical and social problem that requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. In recent years, surgical methods have become an important component of therapy when anti-tuberculosis drugs are ineffective. This article discusses modern surgical approaches to the treatment of DR-TB of the lungs, including indications, types of operations and postoperative management of patients. The analysis of the effectiveness of resection and collapse surgery methods is carried out, and promising technologies aimed at reducing relapses and improving long-term results are discussed. The presented data emphasize the need for an individualized approach to the choice of surgical treatment tactics, taking into account the degree of lung tissue damage, the general condition of the patient and the risk of complications.

Wilson-Konovalov disease, also known as Wilson's disease, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, leading to copper accumulation in the liver, brain, and other organs. This article explores the clinical and molecular genetic diagnostics of Wilson-Konovalov disease, emphasizing the importance of early detection and genetic testing. Clinical diagnosis is based on characteristic symptoms such as hepatic dysfunction, neurological impairments, and Kayser-Fleischer rings, along with biochemical markers including serum ceruloplasmin and urinary copper excretion. Molecular genetic testing, particularly sequencing of the ATP7B gene, plays a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis, identifying carriers, and facilitating genetic counseling. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other molecular techniques have improved diagnostic accuracy, enabling early intervention and personalized treatment strategies. A comprehensive approach combining clinical, biochemical, and genetic analyses is essential for effective diagnosis and management of Wilson-Konovalov disease.

Our work highlights studies of skin pathologies of mixed infectious nature and selection of treatment based on our own research.

Anatomy is the fundamental basis of surgery and traumatology, playing a critical role in all stages of patient care. This article reviews the impact of anatomical knowledge on the planning, execution, and assessment of surgical interventions, as well as on the provision of emergency trauma care. Anatomical variations that can significantly affect clinical outcomes are analyzed in detail, and the importance of an individual approach to each patient is emphasized. Modern technologies such as 3D visualization and virtual reality that optimize learning and improve surgical training are discussed. The article also includes data from recent studies that show how anatomical knowledge contributes to increased surgical success and decreased complications, thus confirming the invaluable role of anatomy in the field of medicine.

The incidence of adhesive intestinal obstruction in children is up to 16-18% in relation to other types of intestinal obstruction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of complex therapy on the processes of resorption of flat-membranous adhesions in early adhesive intestinal obstruction in children. Using differentiated targeted conservative measures carried out under the control of the clinical picture and ultrasound examinations are effective in more than 63% of children, which significantly reduces the risk of the operation itself. Restrained tactics justify themselves in acute intestinal obstruction.

This article discusses current issues related to the spread of allergic diseases among the population of the Bukhara region. The analysis of epidemiological and clinical data of recent years has been conducted, the main factors contributing to the growth of allergopathology have been identified, including the climatic and ecological conditions of the region, lifestyle features and insufficient health education. The main attention is paid to strategies for the prevention, early diagnosis and effective treatment of allergic diseases, taking into account local realities. Both traditional and modern methods of therapy and individual prevention based on evidence-based medicine are considered.

This article discusses rickets, a disease commonly seen among children. Various efforts are being made worldwide to prevent this disease. In particular, in our country, under the slogan "A healthy child is the future of the nation," large-scale work is being carried out both to protect children from diseases before birth and after birth. Serious attention is even being paid to the health of the mother. As an example of this, the systems for providing high-tech medical care to women of reproductive age, pregnant women, and children are being improved according to Presidential Decree No. PF-60 dated January 28, 2022, "On the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022–2026."

This article is devoted to the main causes that play an important role in the occurrence of hoof diseases in cows. The article analyzes the role of microbiological infections, parasitic invasions, poor nutrition, environmental factors and stress factors in the development of diseases associated with gastrointestinal disorders.

Bronchitis is a pathological condition in which inflammation of the bronchi develops. Respiratory diseases are chronic non-infectious diseases and are one of the most socially and economically significant groups of diseases today. International studies have shown that over the past 10 years the number of patients with chronic respiratory diseases has doubled. In the chronic form, the main cause of development is recognized as smoking. Smokers are diagnosed with the disease 2-5 times more often than non-smokers. Chronic bronchitis differs from acute in its etiology, pathophysiology and treatment methods.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical-neurophysiological and pathogenetic features of affective-respiratory paroxysms (ARP) in young children. Sixty children aged from 6 months to 4 years suffering from ARP were examined. The research methods included clinical observation, electroencephalography (EEG), autonomic testing, and statistical analysis of the obtained data. The results revealed significant clinical and neurophysiological correlations and identified diagnostic markers that contribute to the early detection of ARP and differentiation from other paroxysmal conditions.

Currently, uterine fibroids (UF) rank second among gynecological pathologies and are one of the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system [1–3]. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of this condition reaches 20–25% among women of reproductive age and up to 50% among women over 40 years old [4]. A steady increase in incidence is observed, along with a trend toward earlier onset of the disease.

Strong lipid mediators, leukotrienes (LTs), such as cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs) and LTB4, play a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma symptoms. There are at least two known receptor subtypes for CysLTs: CysLT1 and CysLT2. The activation of the CysLT1 receptor mediates the majority of the pathophysiological consequences of CysLTs in asthma, such as increased airway smooth muscle activity, microvascular permeability, and airway mucus secretion. Asthma exacerbations, severe asthma, and airway hyperresponsiveness may all be influenced by LTB4. CysLT1 receptor antagonists can be administered orally as monotherapy in patients with persistent mild asthma, despite the fact that they are typically less efficacious than inhaled glucocorticoids.

Acute or chronic liver damage brought on by medicines or natural chemicals is known as drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The appearance is comparable to numerous hepatobiliary illnesses, making diagnosis challenging. The elimination of the offending agent and careful observation for resolution constitute the main treatment. The pathophysiology, assessment, and management of drug-induced hepatotoxicity are explained in this activity. It also discusses how the interprofessional team might help patients receive better care. Based on experimental validation, natural bioactive components generated from plant secondary metabolites have been pronounced as valuable options for predicting and mitigating hepatotoxic effects and their chronic consequences.

Аmong all strоkes, cаrdiоembolic strоkes account for 15-30%, and this type of stroke has a higher risk of death than others. Preventiоn, eаrly diagnоsis аnd treаtment of cerebrovascular diseases is one of the most urgent problems and is the most priority direction of modern neurology. In the United States, stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability. In post-stroke cases, these types of strokes have a high rate of serious disability. Therefore, early prevention of cardioembolic stroke has a significant impact on disability and mortality rates among the population.

For boys at the age of 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 17 girls aged 6, 9, 10, 17, 18 showed high BMI values, while boys aged 9, 10, 14, 16, 18 and girls aged 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 found age deficits in BMI. In boys aged 6, 15, and 17, BMI values corresponded to age norms. Thus, in adolescents with a high BMI, we have identified asthma, for such children low self-esteem is often tormented, the pathological process tends to chronicle. Vitamin D plays a key role in regulating immunity, maintaining skin barrier function, and preventing osteoporosis. In children with DRS, its deficiency is associated with a severe course of AS. In addition, researchers have evidence that with insufficient vitamin D levels in children, fat will accumulate in the body. Studying blood pressure levels is very important because vitamin D modulates innate immunity by producing antimicrobial peptides that reduce the risk of skin infection.

Tension-type headache (TTH) is one of the most frequently encountered forms of primary cephalalgia in adolescents. Despite its relatively benign course, frequent episodes of TTH can significantly reduce quality of life, cause anxiety disorders, and hinder the learning process. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical and neurological characteristics, pathogenetic aspects, diagnostic approaches, and modern principles of therapy for TTH in adolescents.