Универсальная индексная библиотека центральноазиатских журналов академических исследований

The problem of diabetic distal polyneuropathy (DDPN) is preconditioned by its great prevalence, according to specialized studies data, late diagnostics and serious consequences. The importance of DDPN diagnostics at its early stage doesn't generate doubts: just at this period disturbance of peripheral nerves is of reciprocal nature and the therapy is effective to the maximum degree. But the objectification of the DDPN diagnosis is difficult: the data of neurologic and electrophysiolog-ical tests often do not correspond to the clinical symptoms and signs as these methods evaluate lesions of large nervous fibers whereas in DDPN it's small fibers that are damaged in the first place. Use of skin biopsy and confocal corneal microscopy for evaluation of small fibers is extremely restricted in a clinical practice. Possibilities of electroneuromyography (ENMG) are analyzed as an option: parameters with their subjective peculiarities, selection of nerves and their number for DDPN diagnostics as a context of topographic neurology and neurophysiology of distal fibers.

Ushbu maqola  O’zbekistonning  faol tashqi syosatini olib borishi,Qisqa vaqt ichida jahon hamjamiyatiga teng huquqli va ishonchli sherik sifatida kirishi, ayniqsa Osiyo davlatlari bilan diplomatik munosabatlarni yo’lga qo’yishi,Pokiston O’zbekistonning muhim sherigi bo’lib tarixiy ildizi va diniy qarashlari  yakdilligi,Pokiston Respublikasi bilan savdo iqtisodiy ,madaniy -gumanitar sohalardagi hamkorlikni yoritishga bag’ishlanadi.

Ushbu maqolada lingvistik stereotip tushunchasi va uning tasnifi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Lingvistik stereotiplar muayyan til yoki dialektga ega bo‘lgan shaxslar haqidagi barqaror va umumlashtirilgan tasavvurlar bo‘lib, ular aksent, grammatik to‘g‘rilik, lug‘at boyligi kabi lingvistik belgilar asosida shakllanadi. Maqolada lingvistik stereotiplarning ijtimoiy, psixologik va madaniy jihatlari hamda ularning ijobiy va salbiy ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, lingvistik stereotiplarning O‘zbekistondagi holati, ayniqsa migrant bolalar uchun ularning ahamiyati muhokama qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari lingvistik stereotiplarning jamiyatdagi rolini chuqurroq tushunishga va ijtimoiy integratsiya jarayonlarini yaxshilashga xizmat qiladi.

This study analyzes two major industrial development strategies—import substitution (IS) and export-oriented (EO) growth—highlighting their relevance for developing economies, particularly Uzbekistan. While IS policies aimed to foster domestic industries by limiting foreign competition, they often led to inefficiency and economic stagnation. In contrast, EO strategies, as demonstrated by countries like South Korea and China, have proven more effective in promoting innovation, competitiveness, and global market integration.  The paper discusses systemic issues restricting Uzbekistan's shift to an EO model such as strong reliance on primary goods exports, poor quality infrastructure, low value-added exports, and skill mismatch. It also reviews the contribution of WTO in promoting trade liberalization and provides the policy steps that would enable Uzbekistan to deal with the existing challenges. These policies include investment in education and R&D, modernization of the logistics and component manufacturing infrastructure, facilitation of small and medium enterprise activity, and deregulation. With these steps, Uzbekistan will be able to move towards a more diversified, competitive nondomestic, and sustainable economy.

Ushbu maqolada yurtimiz ta’lim tizimidagi islohotlar va ularning ahamiyati, alohida  yordamga muhtoj o‘quvchilar va oʻsmirlarning ta‘lim mazmunini takomillashtirish masalalari tahlil qilingan.

Hofiz Xorazmiy – o‘zbek mumtoz adabiyotining yirik namoyandalaridan biri bo‘lib, Markaziy Osiyo adabiy merosiga katta hissa qo‘shgan. Uning asarlari o‘z davrining madaniy, falsafiy va poetik an’analarini aks ettirib, boy lingvistik ifoda va chuqur mavzular bilan ajralib turadi. Ushbu maqolada Hofiz Xorazmiyning hayoti, adabiy faoliyati va uning asarlarining tarixiy konteksti tahlil qilinadi hamda uning keyingi avlod shoir va olimlariga ta’siri yoritiladi.

Maqolada parrandachilik fermalaridan chiqadigan oqava suvlarni mikrosuvo’tlar ishtirokida bioremediatsiya yo’li bilan tozalashning samaradorligi va ekologik ahamiyati tekshirib, tahlil qilindi. Parrandachilik sanoati tomonidan chiqariladigan oqava suvlar, o’zida ko’plab zararli moddalarga ega bo’lib, atrof-muhitga katta zarar yetkazishi mumkin. Mikrosuvo’tlar asosidagi bioremediatsiya esa ushbu suvlarni tabiiy va samarali holatda tozalashning bir yo’li sifatida qaralgan

currently, most world countries are following the path of a "green" economy, which is a guarantee of the development of the country's sustainable development. The 21st century is faced by many scientists around the world with the need to switch to a "green" economy due to environmental problems such as climate change, constant population growth - social problems, unemployment growth, economic problems regularly occurring in various sectors of the economy. This requires the eca to carry out strikes in this area.

Yosh oilalarga nikohdagi qiyinchiliklar va ruhiy salomatlikni saqlash uchun oila quruvchi yoshlarning ruhiy salomatliklarini qo'llab-quvvatlash hamda ijtimoiy va psixologik yordam ko’rsatish zarur. Mazkur maqolada yosh oilalarning nikohdagi qiyinchiliklar va ruhiy salomatlikni saqlashning asoslari  to’g’risida fikr yuritilgan.

Со временем семья постепенно занимала высшую ступень эволюции человечества. Общество стало интересоваться вопросами о знании социальных институтов и обладать умением направлять их развитие. Они понимали, что от них зависит воспроизводство людей, создание и передача духовных ценностей. Семья становится фундаментом института общества. Семья - эта группа людей, связанных кровным родством или заключением брака, имеют духовную связь, разделяют общий быт и взаимную моральную ответвенность.

Sport musobaqalariga sportchilarni tayyorlash tizimi yuqori natijalarga erishish uchun ilmiy va amaliy yondashuvlarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Tayyorgarlik jarayoni jismoniy, texnik, taktik va psixologik jihatlarni o‘z ichiga olib, individual va jamoaviy mashg‘ulotlarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Sportchilarni musobaqalarga tayyorlashda yuklamalarni to‘g‘ri taqsimlash va rejalashtirish muhim ahamiyatga ega.  

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the narrowing of the central spinal canal (central stenosis) or of the concave and intervertebral lateral foramens. LSS is one of the most common causes of back pain in the elderly. Clinical signs of the disease are localized lumbar muscle pain and naughty - radical symptoms that occur when walking. A diagnosis of LSS is most likely to reveal paralysis during walking and stopping, regression during advance or sitting in elderly patients. Treatment strategies are determined by clinical conditions, not by changes identified in imaging studies. The most important diagnostic criterion is walking distance. Treatment strategies for patients with LSS are not fully established, as there is insufficient evidence that different treatment options work.

The article discusses the importance, methods, and history of guiding students towards logical thinking in the educational process. It explores the relationship between logical thinking and other forms of thinking, examining their differences and common aspects. The article points out that among various types of thinking, independent thinking has been studied more extensively, and research in this area provides insights that can be applied to directing students towards logical thinking. Like all types of thinking, logical thinking relies on information obtained from the external world or internal experience, involving cognitive processes such as perception, concentration, memory retention, and information processing. It is goal-oriented, aimed at problem-solving and achieving specific objectives. Logical thinking can be learned, developed, and improved through education. The article considers the application of logical thinking in literary education, particularly in determining the true essence of texts and justifying conclusions.

mazkur maqolada zamonaviy boshqaruv tizimida rahbarning kasbiy faoliyatiga qo‘yiladigan talablar, ularning dolzarbligi va amalga oshirish yo‘llari tahlil qilinadi. Globalizatsiya va raqamli transformatsiya sharoitida rahbarning kompetensiyasi, axborot texnologiyalaridan foydalanish qobiliyati va strategik fikrlash muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. O‘zbekiston va xorijiy tajribalar asosida rahbarlik sifatini oshirish bo‘yicha ilmiy asoslangan tavsiyalar berilgan.

This article provides information about modern forms of education, interactive methods, their theoretical foundations, and possibilities in studying various semantics of words. In particular, the advantages of using interactive methods in the primary education system are shown.

After years of turbulence—from the COVID-19 pandemic to global inflation shocks—Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are entering a new economic phase. According to the October 2023 Regional Economic Outlook by the International Monetary Fund, the region is transitioning from recovery to recalibration. The challenge now lies in sustaining stability, containing inflation, and rekindling growth amid tightening global conditions. This article synthesizes the report’s findings and proposes a roadmap for LAC to adapt, thrive, and secure its future.

Мягкие сыры обладают высокой популярностью благодаря нежной текстуре и приятному вкусу. Важным этапом производства является выбор молочнокислых бактерий для закваски, определяющие органолептические свойства и качество конечного продукта. В статье рассматриваются приготовление мягкого сыра на основе местных молочнокислых бактерий и их рекомендация для приготовления закваски для мягких сыров. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для оптимизации технологического процесса и разработки новых видов мягкого сыра. Актуальность работы заключается в исследованиях, направленных на производство продуктов из молока, заготовляемого в условиях, отдаленных от крупных промышленных предприятий и городов.

Mazkur maqolada xizmat ko‘rsatish korxonalarida iqtisodiy resurslarni boshqarishning dolzarb muammolari va zamonaviy mexanizmlari tahlil qilingan. Xizmat ko‘rsatish sohasi O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyotida yetakchi o‘ringa chiqayotgan sharoitda, iqtisodiy resurslardan samarali foydalanish raqobatbardoshlikning muhim omili sifatida qaralmoqda. Maqolada xizmat sohasidagi resurslar tasnifi, ularning ahamiyati, boshqaruv mexanizmlari, statistika asosidagi amaliy tahlil va muammolar yechimi bo‘yicha ilmiy takliflar bayon etilgan.

ushbu maqolada ijro hujjatlarini ijro etishdan bo‘yin tovlaganlik uchun ma’muriy va jinoiy javobgarlik masalalari, ularning qonun hujjatlariga asosan kafolatlanganligi, ushbu tartibni takomillashtirish bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar bayon qilingan. Shuningdek, xorijiy davlatlarning qonunchiligidagi ijro hujjatlarini ijro etmaganlik uchun javobgarlikning belgilanganligi va asoslari to‘g‘risida ma’lumotlar yoritib berilgan.

This article describes the advantages and main disadvantages of using modern, innovative types of drilling machines as a promising plan to further improve the drilling processes of the planned excavation works at the Tebinbulak mine. It provides more detailed information about alternative types of drilling machines that are economically and technologically feasible for the Tebinbulak mine, comparing the latest generations of drilling machines with a wide range of convenience and productivity.

Suv resurslariga soliq solish suvni barqaror boshqarish uchun muhim siyosat vositasidir. Ushbu maqola suvdan foydalanish uchun soliq solish tamoyillari, mexanizmlari va oqibatlarini o‘rganadi. Unda bunday soliqlar suvni samarali iste'mol qilishga qanday yordam berishi, davlat daromadlarini keltirishi va tabiatni muhofaza qilish bo‘yicha sa'y-harakatlarni rag‘batlantirishi o‘rganiladi. Har xil soliq modellari, jumladan, hajmli to‘lovlar, ifloslanishga asoslangan yig‘imlar va darajali narxlar ularning iqtisodiy va atrof-muhitga ta'siri bilan bog‘liq holda tahlil qilinadi. Bundan tashqari, maqolada suvga soliq solish bo‘yicha global misollar va ilg‘or tajribalar muhokama qilinadi. Shuningdek, siyosatni qo‘llash, arzon narxlardagi muammolar va iqtisodiy o‘sish va ekologik barqarorlik o‘rtasidagi muvozanat kabi muammolar ko‘rib chiqiladi.

В статье рассматривается глобальная потребность в компонентах крови с акцентом на эритроциты, тромбоциты, плазму и лейкоциты. Представлен анализ статистических данных по странам и регионам, выявлены ключевые факторы, влияющие на спрос, а также обсуждаются современные подходы к обеспечению безопасности и эффективности систем крови. Особое внимание уделено нормативным документам Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) и рекомендациям национальных агентств по крови.